Professional Nursing Flashcards
Match the ancient civilization with their corresponding contributions to medicine and health:
A. Egyptians
B. Greeks
C. Romans
D. Ancient Hebrews
- Developed the Mosaic Health Code, used nurse midwives, established houses for the sick, and began practices of personal hygiene and sanitation
- First to study the causes of disease
- Performed advanced brain surgery with the patient surviving and kept detailed medical records
- Developed high degrees of sanitation and personal hygiene, including the construction of aqueducts
A - 3
B - 2
C - 4
D - 1
Match the time period with their corresponding events:
A: Early Christian Era (2nd-3rd Century CE)
B: Middle Ages/Crusades (5th-15th Centuries)
C: Reaissance (14th-16th century)
D: 17th Century
E: 19th Century
- Nursing became a respected vocation, but no formal education is associated with nursing
- Building of hospitals to care for large number of pilgrims needing healthcare
- Women called Deconessess cared for the sick/homeless
- Monasteries/convents close
- Science and medicine in ascendancy
- Organized nursing groups (Sisters of Charity, Ursuline Sisters)
- Status of women elevated
- Nursing became disreputable
- Women convicted of crimes recruited into nursing in lieu of serving jail sentences
- Low pay, long hours, and unfacorable working conditions
- Florence Nightingate established nursing as a respected occupation for women
- Religious Knights of Christianity and Knights Hospitallers
- Nuns and Monks
Early Christian Era (2nd-3rd Century CE)
- 3
Middle Ages/Crusades (5th-15th Centuries)
- 1
- 2
- 12
- 13
Renaissance (14th-16th century)
- 4
- 5
- 8
- 9
- 10
17th Century
- 6
19th Century
- 7
- 11
Established the Red Cross
Clara Barton
Superintendent of the Female Nurses of the Army during the Civil War
Dorothea Dix
Pioneering crusader for the reform of the treatment of the mentally ill
Dorothea Dix
Provided nursing care to soldiers during the Civil War
Sojourner Truth
Nurse and an abolitionist
Harriet Tubman
Active in the underground railroad movement before joining the Union Army during the Civil War
Harriet Tubman
Graduated in 1873 as the first trained nurse in the United States
Linda Richards
Began the practice of keeping records and writing orders
Linda Richards
Graduated in1879 as America’s first Black nurse
Mary Mahoney
Established a neighborhood nursing service for the sick and poor of the Lower East Side in New York City
Lillian Wald
Founder of public health nursing
Lillian Wald
Established the Frontier Nursing Service
Mary Breckenridge
Established one of the first midwifery schools
Mary Breckenridge
Changed form and direction of nursing
Florence Nightingale
Set standards for nursing education
Florence Nightingale
Established a respected occupation for women
Florence Nightingale
Made significant recommendations to hospital management and health/illness
Florence Nightingale
Identified nursing as separate from medicine
Florence Nightingale
Helped sick patients get well and helped well patients maintain their health
Florence Nightingale
Developed hospital statistical system to monitor and report outcomes of care
Florence Nightingale
Promoted total patient care (identify and address patients needs)
Florence Nightingale
Observes that successful patient care is affected by noise, colors, light, music, nutrition
Florence Nightingale
Why was the Crimean War a crucial turning point in Florence Nightingales career?
Gave Florence an opportunity to develop her theories, thus introducing concepts of hygiene that helped to reduce death rate
During the American Civil War (1861-1865) almost _______ ________ served as Army nurses
5000 women
When were nursing school first established?
What curriculum did they follow?
Where did the students learn? How long was “class”?
- Established shortly after Civil War
- Curriculum fashioned after Nightingale School in England
- Primarily apprenticeships
-> Apprenticeships -> certification only
-> No standardized curriculum - Long hours; students learned in hospitals
Select all that apply: How did wars historically impact the development of nursing and nursing education?
- Significant impact on the overall development of nursing as a profession.
- Increased focus on surgical procedures over medical nursing care.
- Creation of important roles specifically focused on caring for the wounded and dying.
- Expansion of the role of nurses beyond traditional caregiving tasks.
- Development of new nursing techniques .
- Decrease in the demand for nursing services.
1. Significant impact on the overall development of nursing
3. Creation of important role in caring for wounded and dying
4. Expansion of role of nurses beyond traditional caregiving task
5. Development of new nursing techniques
T/F: By the time WWI occured, they had sufficient qualified nurses
False, during WWI they lacked qualified nurses
T/F: During WWI women were officers and there was an establishment of the US Cadet Nurse Corps
False, during WWII women were officers and there was an establishment of the US Cadet Nurse Corps
After WWII, how were nursing schools impacted?
- Nursing education established in colleges and universities
-> BRN (Board of Registered Nursing) - Increase in the variety of settings for practice
- Development of a specific body of nursing knowledge
-> Emphasized EBP
Select all that apply: Which of the following are aims and competencies/spheres of care in nursing?
- Restore health
- Surgical intervention as the primary form of care
- Prevent illness (vaccinations)
- Hospice and palliative care
- Chronic disease management
- Facilitate coping with disability or death
- Promote health
- Wellness and disease prevention
- Regenerative and restorative care
- Focusing solely on pediatric care
1. Restore health
3. Prevent illness (vaccinations)
4. Hospice and palliative care
5. Chronic disease management
6. Facilitate coping with disability or death
7. Promote health
8. Wellness and disease prevention
9. Regenerative and restorative care
What did Covorkian do that made people want to arrest him?
give pills to people so that they can die in their sleep
Describe: Diploma
(Approximate Program Length,
Entry into Professional Practice, MISC)
Approximate Program Length
- 24-30 months (nontraditional)
Focus/Key Concepts
- x
Typical Roles/Responsibilities
- x
Entry into Professional Practice
- Yes, but cannot transfer to another hospital
-> Little/no transferability of courses
MISC
- Training done at hospital and went to school at that hospital
Describe: Associate Degree (ADN)
(Approximate Program Length,
Focus/Key Concepts,
Typical Roles/Responsibilities,
Entry into Professional Practice, MISC)
Approximate Program Length
- 2 years
Focus/Key Concepts
- Technical skills
Typical Roles/Responsibilities
- Nursing Care
- Provider and manager of care
Entry into Professional Practice
- Yes
MISC
- Attract students from more diverse backgrounds
- Opportunities to bridge to BSN
Describe: Bachelors Degree (BSN)
(Approximate Program Length,
Focus/Key Concepts,
Typical Roles/Responsibilities,
Entry into Professional Practice, MISC)
Approximate Program Length
- 4 years
Focus/Key Concepts
- Theory and practice
- Research
Typical Roles/Responsibilities
- Nursing care + administrative, managerial, and community health
Entry into Professional Practice
- Yes, preferred entry level by employers
MISC
- Foundation for graduate study
Describe: Masters Degree (MSN)
(Approximate Program Length,
Typical Roles/Responsibilities,
MISC)
Approximate Program Length
- Graduate level
Focus/Key Concepts
- x
Typical Roles/Responsibilities
- Leadership positions
- Clinical specalization
- Entry level degree for nursing faculty
- Advaced Practice Nursing
Entry into Professional Practice
- x
MISC
- Advanced practice roles (APRNs)
-> NP, CNS, CRNA, CNM
Describe: Doctor Degree
(Approximate Program Length,
Typical Roles/Responsibilities,
MISC)
Approximate Program Length
- Graduate level
Focus/Key Concepts
- PhD: Research-focused, nursing theory
- DNP: Practice-focused, implementation of science
Typical Roles/Responsibilities
- x
Entry into Professional Practice
- x
MISC
- Proposed entry level degree for nurse practitioners
What is the required educational level for a nurse practitioner?
Masters Degree
What types of specialties are NPs certified in?
- Family practice
- Dermatology
- Midwife
T/F: You can get an advanced practice certification after examination and can lead to a particular degree
True
How long does it take for a certification for CNA take (how many hours of theory and practice?)
What is the name of the program that tests students for CNA licensure?
- 75 hours, but in many states preparation exceeds 75 hours by federal law
- Nursing Aide Competency Evaluation Program
How long is the cirriculum for LVN school?
Where do these cirriculums take place?
What does the program focus mainly on?
What is the name of the exam the students take to become a LVN?
Length of Study
- Curriculum 1 year to 18 months
Curriculum Site
- High schools
- Trade or technical schools
- Hospitals
- Community colleges
- Independent agencies
Program Focus
- Clinical experience
Exam
- NCLEX-PN
RN in California are required to obtain ______ hours of continuing education every _______ years
30 hours
2 years
What are the 2 main reasons why RNs must continue continuing education?
- Meets the ethical standard to maintain competence
- Purpose to increase skills/nursing knowledge
Legal Requirement for Accredidation
State approval through Board of _______ ________ is required for all Nursing Programs
Registered Nursing
Voluntary Accrediation:
Through the ___________ ___________ ________ _________ __________ ___________ (_______)
Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing (ACEN)
Describe this type of agency: Government-Owned Agencies
(Public/Private, For profit/Nonprofit, Who operates it? Examples)
Public/Private
- Public
For profit/Nonprofit
- Usually non profit
Who operates it?
- Operated by a federal, state or local government
Examples
- VA Hospitals
- Health departments
- County facilities
Describe this type of agency: Voluntary Agencies
(Public/Private, For profit/Nonprofit, Who operates it? Examples)
Public/Private
- Private
For profit/Nonprofit
- Non Profit
Who operates it?
- Operated by private, non-governmental agencies exempt from federal income tax
-> Sometimes religion based
Examples
- St Jude
- Saddleback Memorial
Describe this type of agency: Proprietary Agencies
(Public/Private, For profit/Nonprofit, Who operates it?)
Public/Private
- Private
For profit/Nonprofit
- For Profit
Who operates it?
- Operated by a private, for-profit company
-> Responsibility to shareholders (employees)
-> Can be sole proprietor
Examples
- x
There are there levels of care: Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary care. Be able to describe each (what types of hospitals are these? what specialities?)
Primary
- Offices and clinics
-> Primary care physicians, NPs, PAs
-> Generally self-directed
Secondary
- General or Community Hospitals
- Specialist Referrals
-> Surgeons, oncologists. Etc.
-> Usually through a “gatekeeper” or in a hospital setting
Tertiary Care
- Acute Care Hospital, Teaching Facility
- Transport Center
-> Trauma Center
-> Helipad
-> Burn Center - High Level Care
-> Specialists on site
-> 24 hour availability
-> Higher level capabilities
- primarily responsible for the diagnosis of illness and the medical or surgical treatment of that illness
- prescribing medications
- interpreting laboratory diagnostic test results
- performing procedures and surgery
Physician
provide support to the physician; varies prep and responsibilities
Physician Assistant (PA)
doctor prepared; restore function or prevent further disability in a patient after an injury or illness
Physical Therapist (PT)
Test and treat for pulmonary function and oxygenation
Respiratory Therapist (RT)
evaluate the patient’s functional level and teach activities to promote self-care in activities of daily living
Occupational Therapist
Speech and swallowing issues
Speech Therapist
manages and plans for the dietary needs of patients
Registered Dietician (RD)
formulate and dispense medications
Pharmacist
assist patients and families in dealing with the social, emotional, and environmental factors that affect their well-being
Social Worker
Help nurses with direct patient care
Unlicensed Assistive Personnel (UAP)
