Professional Caring & Ethical Practice 20%

Question 1

Nonmaleficence

Answer 1

Obligation to do no harm.

Question 2

Beneficence

Answer 2

Obligation to do good.

Question 3

Fidelity

Answer 3

-Obligation to abide by agreements and responsibilities. -Honoring a commitment -Ie. agreeing to work a shift and showing up

Question 4

Obligation to tell the truth

Answer 4

Veracity

Question 5

Allowing a person to die without taking lifesaving measures.

Answer 5

Euthanasia (Passive versus Active)

Question 6

Modifiable risk factors

Answer 6

• Smoking, diet, activity level
• Can be modified immediately versus long-term goals

Question 7

Considering interdependent elements in a situation.

Answer 7

Systems Thinking

Question 8

Transmissions -HIV

Answer 8

HIV: blood, semen, vaginal secretions, and breast milk – weak chlorine bleach

Question 9

Organ Donation

Answer 9

• Advocate for patient’s wishes
• Coordinators speak with NOK
• Family refusal = 35% loss of potential donation

Question 10

Essential Oils

• Lavender
• Chamomile
• Peppermint
• Frankincense

Answer 10

Lavender: antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial effects

Chamomile: antiallergy, sedative effects

Peppermint: improves digestion, antiseptic, decongestant effects

Frankincense: increase ability to relax

Question 11

Stevens Star Model

• Discovery research
• Evidence summary
• Translation to guidelines
• Practice integration

Answer 11

• Discovery research: original research is discovery of knowledge
• Evidence summary: systematic review of the research related to a specific clinical question
• Translation to guidelines: clinical practice guideline
• Practice integration: pilot test / implementation of evidence

Question 12

Evidence-based practice

Answer 12

Activities encourage staff and leaders to ask “why” and utilize the literature to provide the evidence as to best practices.

Question 13

TeamSTEPPS

Answer 13

• Strategy that provides framework for expressing concern regarding patient safety via the two challenge rule and by “CUS”ing
• “CUS”ing: express concern, clearly state that you are uncomfortable, and state that this is a safety issue

Question 14

Types of Communication versus Communication strategies

Answer 14

Type of communication:

• Open communication
• Closed-loop communication
• Conflict resolution

Strategies:

-TeamSTEPPS

Question 15

Clinical Practice Guidelines

Answer 15

• Translation of the best scientific evidence to recommendations for practice
• Primary purpose: use evidence summaries for translation of best evidence to best practices for consistency in the provision of EBP
• Useful in the elimination of significant variations in practice

Question 16

Systematic Reviews

Answer 16

• Summary of evidence
• Compilation of similar studies to address a specific clinical question
• Specific criteria for inclusion and exclusion are identified before the initiation of the literature search for studies on the specific clinical question
• Advantage is that an expert already has appraised the studies critically for the strength of the evidence and made recommendation based on evidence
• Forms:

–Meta-analysis: quantitative studies using specific statistical methods to determine true magnitude of the effect

–Meta-synthesis: qualitative studies

Question 17

Patient Education

Answer 17

1. What does patient already know?
2. Teach the “need to know” information
3. “Nice to know” information can wait for outpatient teaching.
4. Health maintenance taught under ideal circumstances

Question 18

Care of HIV Patients

Answer 18

• avoid hot foods and drinks (increase discomfort)

Question 19

Implied Consent

Answer 19

• Refers to patient’s presumed agreement for testing and treatment when patient is unable to grant informed consent and the immediate family is unavailable
• Should only be used in emergencies

Question 20

Kotter Change Model

Answer 20

1. Establishing a sense of urgency.
2. Forming a powerful guiding coalition
3. Creating a vision
4. Planning for and creating short-term wins

Question 21

Most important method of Infection Prevention

Answer 21

Hand Hygiene

Question 22

Cultural Diversity

Answer 22

Haitians: respond positively to touch and direct eye contact

Jewish: dietary restrictions

Muslim: Death-privacy, body bathed by family, deceased person’s head turned to the right

Question 23

Critical Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT)

Answer 23

Facial Expression

0 - Relaxed, neutral

1 - Tense

2 - Grimacing

Body Movements

0 - Absence of movements/Normal position

1 - Protection

2 - Restlessness / Agitation

Compliance with Ventilator / Vocalization

0 - Tolerating vent / Normal tone

1 - Coughing / Sighing, moaning

2 - Fighting vent / Crying out, sobbing

Muscle Tension

0 - Relaxed

1 - Tense, rigid

2 - Very tense or rigid

Total ___ / 8

Question 24

Validated Adult Pain Assessment Tools

Answer 24

1. Wong-Baker FACES scale
2. Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool
3. Behavioral pain scale

Question 25

Conflict Resolution **Facilitating collaboration**

Answer 25

Facilitating collaboration: using a mediator to assist two parties in developing common goals

Smoothing of conflict: attempt to reduce the emotional stress of the conflict but the conflict is not resolved

Encouraging compromise: each group would give up something that it wants

Democratic approach: majority rules