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Physics Test 1 > Production of x-rays PJ > Flashcards

Production of x-rays PJ Flashcards

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1
Q

1 eV = ___ J

A

1.602 x 10 ^-19 J

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2
Q

when do we use eV?

A

when referring to energy particles such as electrons

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3
Q

when do we use J?

A

when referring to energy deposited

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4
Q

where do gamma rays emanate from?

A

the nucleus from nuclear transitions

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5
Q

where do x-rays result from?

A

electron interactions outside of the nucleus

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6
Q

what are the 6 characteristic of x-rays?

A
  1. no mass 2. undisturbed by electric fields 3. undisturbed by magnetic fields 4. travel in straight lines 5. attenuated by matter exponentially 6. cannot be focused
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7
Q

characteristic radiation is related to what type of interactions?

A

collision interactions

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8
Q

bremsstrahlung radiation is related to what type of interactions?

A

radioactive interactions

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9
Q

what are the two types of collision interactions?

A

elastic and inelastic

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10
Q

what type of collision interactions consist of conservation of kinetic energy and momentum?

A

elastic

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11
Q

what type of collision interactions consist of conservation of momentum while kinetic energy converted to heat/other forms of energy?

A

inelastic

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12
Q

are alpha or beta x-rays more likely to be emitted?

A

alpha

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13
Q

what does bremsstrahlung mean?

A

german for “breaking radiation”

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14
Q

what does the electron interact with in characteristic radiation?

A

electron-electron interaction

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15
Q

what does the electron interact with in bremsstrahlung radiation?

A

positive nucleus of atom

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16
Q

in bremsstrahlung radiation, what can the electric field of nucleus cause electrons to do?

A

change direction or velocity

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17
Q

what is the result of the electron-nucleic interaction in bremsstrahlung radiation?

A

the change in direction or velocity causes a loss in kinetic energy

18
Q

what happens to the loss of kinetic energy in bremsstrahlung radiation?

A

kinetic energy must be converted to another form so it is given off as a photon

19
Q

how do you determine the energy of incoming electron in bremsstrahlung radiation?

A

energy of incoming electron = energy of exciting electron + energy of photon

20
Q

is the energy of the photon discrete when it’s produced by characteristic radiation?

A

yes

21
Q

is the energy of the photon discrete or when it’s produced by bremsstrahlung radiation?

A

no; broad range of possible energies; continuous spectrum of energies

22
Q

what happens to the low energy photons in bremsstrahlung spectrum?

A

low energy photons are absorbed in the target or other parts of the x-ray tube

23
Q

what does the maximum kinetic energy of the electron depend on?

A

the electric potential in the vacuum tube

24
Q

the closer the electron is the to nucleus in bremsstrahlung radiation, the ___ electrostatic force.

A

stronger

25
Q

the closer the electron is the to nucleus in bremsstrahlung radiation, the ___ change in velocity.

A

greater

26
Q

the closer the electron is the to nucleus in bremsstrahlung radiation, the ___ energy imparted to photon.

A

greater

27
Q

when do bremsstrahlung x-rays and characteristic x-rays occur in relation to each other?

A

at the same time

28
Q

are low energy photons beneficial for therapy or diagnosis?

A

no

29
Q

what happens to lower energy photons?

A

absorbed in housing x-ray tube

30
Q

is the energy spectrum dependent on electron energy?

A

no; just must be greater than binding energy

31
Q

what is the purpose of x-ray filters?

A

absorb low energy photons

32
Q

what filter is used in diagnostic x-ray tubes?

A

thoraeus filter

33
Q

in what direction are x-rays emitted when they have a low energy?

A

all directions

34
Q

in what direction are x-rays emitted when they have a high energy?

A

forward direction

35
Q

what type of target is used for diagnostic x-ray

A

reflection target

36
Q

where are the photons emitted when using a reflection target?

A

90 degrees from the electron beam

37
Q

what type of target is used for higher energy electron beams?

A

transmission target

38
Q

where are the photons emitted when using a transmission target?

A

photons are emitted in the forward direction exit target in the same direction of the electron beam

39
Q

what are the three different forms of energy used in electron beams?

A

kinetic energy, electromagnetic radiation, heat

40
Q

what is the equation for efficiency?

A

efficiency = 3.5 x 10 ^-4 Z * E

Physics Test 1 (3 decks)

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