Production Of Materials

Question 0

(Thermal) Steam Cracking?

Answer 0

NON-Catalytic process,
Mix of ALKANES and STEAM above atmospheric pressure.
Alkanes (decomposed)—> Alkene + H2

Question 1

Ethylene cracking involves [2] processes:

Answer 1

• Steam (thermal) Cracking.

* Catalytic Cracking.

Question 2

Catalytic Cracking?

Answer 2

Breakdown of HYDROCARBONS of Hmw. and Hbp. fractions of CRUDE OIL, Into Lmw. and Lbp.

Question 3

Zeolite?

Answer 3

Catalyst (aluminosilicates) used in cracking Lrg hydrocarbons.
It is cheap and recyclable.

Question 4

Important reactions of Alkanes: [2]

Answer 4

Alkanes burn in air to form CO2 + H2O.

Alkanes react with Br + Cl when exposed to UV LIGHT.

• Do not react with absence of UV,
But react slow with LIQUID.

Question 5

Substitution reaction?

Answer 5

Replacement of atoms. E.g….

Question 6

Thermal cracking process in [3] steps:

Answer 6

• Initiation,
• Propagation,
• Termination.

Question 7

Initiation?

Answer 7

2x RADICALS are formed by heat up to 1000*C

Question 8

Propagation?

Answer 8

The 2x Radicals are broken down into 2x Smaller Radicals + Ethylene.

Question 9

Termination?

Answer 9

• Removing of ethylene molecules,

* Deters reaction of ethylene + radicals (ethylene DOUBLE BOND)

Question 10

Functional groups: [5]

Answer 10

Alkane    > C—C      (ane)
Alkene    > C••C       (ene)
Alkanol   > —OH      (anol)
Alkanoic > —COOH (anoic)
Esters    > —COO— (anoate)

Question 11

Functional group?

Answer 11

Changes the LOCANT

Question 12

Locant?

Answer 12

Placement of the Carbon Bond.

Question 13

Products of ETHYLENE:

Answer 13

• Ethanol
• Ethylene Oxide
• (PET) Polyethylene Terephthalate
• Ethylene Glycole
• Vinyl Chloride
• (PVC) Polyvinyl Chloride
• Styrene
• Vinyl Acetate
• Polyvinyl Acetate (PVA)

Question 14

Process of:

Ethylene —> Ethanol

Answer 14

Hydrolysis

Question 15

Process of:

Ethylene —> Ethylene Oxide

Answer 15

Oxidation

Question 16

Process of:

Ethylene Oxide —> Ethylene Glycole

Answer 16

Hydrolysis

Question 17

Process of:

Ethylene Glycol —> PET

Answer 17

Polymerisation

Question 18

Process of:

Ethylene —> Vinyl Chloride

Answer 18

Substitution

Question 19

Process of:

Vinyl Chloride —> Polyvinyl Chloride

Answer 19

Polymerisation

Question 20

Process of:

Ethylene —> Styrene

Answer 20

Substitution

Question 21

Process of:

Ethylene —> Vinyl Acetate

Answer 21

Substitution

Question 22

Process of:

Vinyl Acetate —> Polyvinyl Acetate

Answer 22

Polymerisation

Question 23

Industrial sources of Ethylene: [3]

Answer 23

• Thermal Cracking of Naptha,
• Thermal Cracking of Ethane (C2H6),
• Catalytic Cracking.

Question 24

Industrial Sources of Ethylene:

Where?

Answer 24

• Oil + Gas fields in COOPER BASIN.
• Desert supply of Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) –> Ethane extraction
• Ethane used as feed stock in Orica’s Botany Plant (OBP)
• Ethane extraction at 850*C > Ethylene + H2

Question 25

Polymerisation?

Answer 25

CHEMICAL reaction where IDENTICAL sml. molecules (Monomers) form one lrg. molecule (Polymer)

Question 26

Ethylene Facts: [6]

Answer 26

• Found in NATURE in sml. amounts.
• Is a plant HORMONE.
• Flammable - slow solubility in H2O.
• Mp. = 169*C
  Bp. = -104*C
• Ranked top 5 products
• Feed Stock in the production of:
       • Ethanol
       • Styrene
       • Vinyl Acetate
       • Ethylene Glycol

Question 27

Ethylene Fact 1:

Answer 27

• Found in NATURE in sml. amounts.

Question 28

Ethylene Fact 2

Answer 28

• Is a plant HORMONE.

Question 29

Ethylene Fact 3

Answer 29

• Flammable - slow solubility in H2O.

Question 30

Ethylene Fact 4

Answer 30

• Mp. = 169*C

Bp. = -104*C

Question 31

Ethylene Fact 5

Answer 31

• Ranked top 5 products

Question 32

Ethylene Fact 6

Answer 32

• Feed Stock in the production of:
  * Ethanol
  * Styrene
  * Vinyl Acetate
  * Ethylene Glycol

Question 33

Addition reation?

Answer 33

2 or more molecules reacts to form a SINGLE molecule.

Question 34

Addition reation?

Answer 34

2 or more molecules reacts to form a SINGLE molecule.

Question 35

Addition reation?

Answer 35

2 or more molecules reacts to form a SINGLE molecule.