Production Logging Flashcards
A multiphase flow regime in which the lighter fluid flows in the center of the pipe, and the heavier fluid is contained in a thin film on the pipe wall
annular flow
A technique for recording sound at different positions in the borehole to generate a noise log
audio measurement
A device for measuring in situ the velocity of fluid flow in a production or injection well in which the flow is diverted through the spinner by a set of metal vanes, or petals
basket flowmeter / petal basket flowmeter
A small, radioactive plastic sphere that is insoluble and used to make a tracer-loss measurement
bead tracer
Referring to the flow of two immiscible fluids, oil and water, oil and gas, or gas and water
biphasic
The frequency with which a local probe detects a change from one type of fluid to another
bubble count
A multiphase flow regime in pipes in which one fluid moves as small dispersed bubbles through a continuous fluid
bubble flow / dispersed bubble flow
An in situ record of the capability of the fluid passing through a sensor to store electrical charge
capacitance log
Another term for holdup meter, a device for determining the waterholdupin aproducing wellby measuring the capacitance or impedanceof the fluid
capacitance meter
An in situ record of casing thickness and integrity, to determine whether and to what extent the casing has undergone corrosion
casing inspection log
An in situ log of the electrical potential on the inner wall of a casing
casing potential profile
A technique in which a slug of material is introduced into the flowstream of a producing well to determine the flow rate of one or more of the fluids
chemical marker injection
A multiphase flow regime in near-vertical pipes in which large, irregular slugs of gas move up the center of the pipe, usually carrying droplets of oil or water with them
churn flow / froth flow
To compare and fix measured depths with known features onbaselinelogs of the wellboretubularsand the surroundingformation
correlate
A device for measuring fluid velocity in a production well
crosscorrelation flowmeter
The fraction of the total flow rate produced from a well that is due to a particular fluid, for example the water cut in the case of water
cut
A device for measuring in-situ the velocity of fluid flow in a production or injection well in which the total fluid flow is diverted to pass over an impeller, or spinner
deflector flowmeter / diverter flowmeter
The process of comparing and fixing measured depths with known features on baseline logs of the wellbore tubulars and the surrounding formation
depth correlation
A record of the difference in temperature between two vertical points in a well
differential temperature log
A record of the change in temperature along a well, normally recorded by a fiber-optic cable
distributed temperature log
Pertaining to a technique in which a packer flowmeter is partially inflated and dragged up the hole to give a continuous flow log
drag bag
A technique for measuring the effect of pits and holes in the inner wall of a casing on a high-frequency electrical signal induced in the casing
eddy current measurement
In the context of spinner flowmeters, the apparent fluid speed measured by the spinner as the tool is moved up and down the well
effective velocity
A small sensor in a production logging tool that distinguishes between hydrocarbon and water in its vicinity as it is moved up and down a production well
electric probe
Another term for electric probe, a small sensor in a production logging tool that distinguishes between hydrocarbon and water in its vicinity as it is moved up and down a production well
electrical impedance probe
An in-situ measurement of the inside diameter of a casing or tubing using an electromagnetic technique
electromagnetic caliper
An in-situ measurement of the thickness of a casing or tubing string using an electromagnetic technique
electromagnetic thickness
A multiphase-flow regime with oil as the continuous phase, in which water exists as small, approximately homogeneously distributed droplets
emulsion flow
Referring to a type of spinner flowmeter in which most or all of the fluid flow in the well is diverted over the spinner by a device such as a basket or a packer
flow concentrating
A laboratory instrument for investigating the characteristics of fluid flow in pipes and for studying the response of production logging instruments to this flow
flow loop
A device for measuring in-situ the velocity of fluid flow in a well, usually one completed for production or injection
flow meter
A recording of the in-situ rate of fluid flow at different depths in a well, normally one completed for production or injection
flow profile
A description of the geometrical distribution of a multiphase fluid moving through a pipe
flow regime
A description of the geometrical distribution of a fluid moving through a pipe
flow structure
A neutron porosity log recorded while the well is flowing to determine the gas-oil contact in the borehole
flowing neutron log
A record of the density, or changes in density, of fluids in a production or injection well
fluid density log
An in-situ measurement of the flow profile made by pumping different fluids down the tubing and casing and observing the interface between them
fluid interface log
A distortion of the magnetic flux that has been introduced into a casing by a low-frequency electromagnet or permanent magnet
flux leakage / magnetic flux leakage
commonly deployed for offshore production in locations that have little infrastructure
FPSO / floating production, storage, and offloading vessel
In a gradiomanometer tool or pressure derivative calculation, the apparent increased fluid density observed due to frictional pressure losses along the tool and casing in a fast-flowing fluid
friction effect
A type of flowmeter in which the spinner blades are collapsed to pass through the tubing and other restrictions, and then opened up below to sense the full cross section of the casing or openhole
fullbore spinner
A device for measuring the density of fluids in a completed well, using a radioactive source of gamma rays and a detector
gamma ray densitometer / nuclear fluid densimeter
A record of the fraction of gas present at different depths in the borehole
gas holdup log
A device for measuring the average density of the fluid at different depths in a completed production or injection well to produce a fluid-density log
gradiomanometer
A record of the quality of a gravel pack and the quantity of solid particles it contains
gravel pack log
With reference to multiphase flow in pipes, the fraction of a particular fluid present in an interval of pipe
holdup
A two-dimensional display, using colors or different grey scales, of the holdup around the borehole versus depth
holdup image / holdup map
A record of the fractions of different fluids present at different depths in the borehole
holdup log
A device for determining the water holdup in a producing well by measuring the capacitance or impedance of the fluid
holdup meter / capacitance meter / water cut meter
A device that responds to fluid flow and is used as the sensor in a flowmeter
impeller
A type of oxygen activation technique for measuring water flow in which a short neutron burst is followed by a long observation period, during which the activated flowing oxygen is recognized at the detector by its signature
impulse activation
An in-situ recording in which a material with high neutron-capture cross section is injected into the flowstream of a production or injection well to determine fluid paths and velocities
injection pulsed neutron log
A technique for improving the accuracy of injection profiles measured using the velocity-shot method
interval method
Referring to the change in temperature observed when a gas expands while flowing through a restriction without any heat entering or leaving the system
Joule Thomson
In a gradiomanometer tool, the pressure difference observed when the fluid velocity opposite the upper pressure sensor differs from that across the lower pressure sensor
kinetic effect
A type of streamlined flow for single-phase fluids in which the fluid moves in parallel layers, or laminae
laminar flow
The fraction of a particular fluid measured in the vicinity of a small probe in a production well
local holdup
A small sensor, part of a production logging tool, which determines the type of fluid in its vicinity as it moves up and down a production well
local probe / optical probe
The apparent increase in thickness of a casing or tubing string compared to the assumed value
metal gain
The loss of material on the inside or outside of a casing or tubing due to corrosion
metal loss / wall loss
A multiphase-flow regime, with gas as the continuous phase, in which oil or water exists as very small, approximately homogeneously distributed droplets
mist flow
A device for measuring the diameter of the internal wall of a casing or tubing using multiple arms
multifinger caliper
A technique for interpreting the results from a spinner flowmeter using several logging runs of the flowmeter over the zone of interest at different speeds, both up and down
multipass method
Referring to a fluid with several different immiscible fluids (oil, water or gas)
multiphase
A record of the fractions, or holdups, of gas, oil and water present at different depths in a producing well using a combination of nuclear measurements recorded by a pulsed-neutron spectroscopy device
multiphase holdup log / pulsed neutron holdup log
A record of the quantity of different radioactive isotopes near the borehole
multiple isotope log
The technique used to produce a multiple-isotope log
multiple isotope spectroscopy
A record of elemental concentrations derived from the characteristic energy levels of gamma rays emitted by a nucleus that has been activated by neutron bombardment
neutron activation log
A record of the sound measured at different positions in the borehole
noise log
A measure of the amount of light reflected by a fluid from an optical probe
optical index
A phenomenon exploited for the purpose of detecting and quantifying the flow of water in or around a borehole based on oxygen activation
oxygen activation
A device for measuring in situ the velocity of fluid flow in a production or injection well in which a packer is inflated between the tool housing and the casing wall
packer flowmeter
A record of the velocity with which a particular phase (gas, oil or water) moves in a producing well
phase velocity log
A record of the density in and around a completed well using a radioactive source of gamma rays and a detector
photon log / gravel-pack log
To stay on the surface of the formation or a perforation tunnel
plate out
A multiphase flow regime in pipes in which most of the gas moves as large bubbles dispersed within a continuous liquid
plug flow
A record of one or more in-situ measurements that describe the nature and behavior of fluids in or around the borehole during production or injection
production log
A record of the difference in temperature between the opposite sides of the internal wall of a casing
radial differential temperature log
A record of the presence of tracer material placed in or around the borehole to measure fluid movement in injection wells
radioactive tracer log
A technique for interpreting the results from a spinner flowmeter using only one logging run over the zone of interest
single pass method
The only component of a flow or other phenomenon, normally oil, water or gas
single phase
The phenomenon in multiphase flow when one phase flows faster than another phase, in other words slips past it
slip
The difference between the average velocities of two different fluids flowing together in a pipe
slip velocity
A multiphase-flow regime in pipes in which most of the lighter fluid is contained in large bubbles dispersed within, and pushing along, the heavier fluid
slug flow
A device for measuring in situ the velocity of fluid flow in a production or injection well based on the speed of rotation of an impeller, or spinner
spinner flowmeter
The change in direction of rotation that occurs when a spinner flowmeter tool is moving in the same direction, but faster, than the fluid
spinner reversal
A multiphase-flow regime in horizontal or near-horizontal wells in which the fluids are separated into different layers, with lighter fluids flowing above heavier fluids
stratified flow
The velocity of fluid moving through a pipe, defined as the volumetric flow rate of that fluid divided by the cross-sectional area
superficial velocity
Referring to the description of different regimes for the simultaneous flow of gas and liquid in vertical pipes introduced by Y
Taitel Dukler
In multiphase flow, large bubbles of the lighter phase that form by coalescence of small bubbles under certain conditions of fluid flow
Taylor bubbles
A record of the temperature gradient in a well
temperature log
In a spinner flowmeter, the theoretical minimum fluid velocity required to initiate spinner rotation, assuming the spinner response is linear
threshold velocity / bypass velocity
A technique for determining the velocity of fluid flow in an injection well based on measuring the time a slug of radioactive tracer takes to move down the well
timed slug analysis
A device for measuring in situ the velocity of fluid flow in a production or injection well based on the torque, or force, produced by the fluid on a stationary impeller
torque flowmeter
A chemical or other substance placed in or around the borehole to measure fluid movement in injection wells
tracer
Another term for velocity-shot measurement, a method of producing a radioactive-tracerlog, in which aslugof radioactive material is injected into the flow streamof aproductionorinjection wellfrom one section of aloggingtool and observed as it passes one or more gamma ray detectors in another section. The slug, or shot, causes apeakin the gamma ray reading as it passes adetector
tracer ejector measurement
A method of determining injection-flow profiles by monitoring the reduction intracermaterial as it moves down the well
tracer loss measurement
A technique in which a tracer is injected into the flow stream of a production or injection well to determine fluid paths and velocities
tracer measurement
A type of flow for single-phase fluids in which the velocity at any point may vary in both direction and magnitude with time
turbulent flow
A technique for interpreting the results from a spinnerflowmeterusing twologgingruns over the zone of interest, one up and one down
two pass method
A device for measuring the internal diameter of a casing, tubing or open borehole using high-frequency acoustic signals
ultrasonic caliper
The factor linking thevelocityofsingle-phaseliquid flow measured in the center of a pipe with the average velocityacross the pipe
velocity correction factor
A two-dimensional display, using colors or different gray scales, of the bubble velocity around the borehole against depth
velocity image
Another term for velocity image, a two-dimensional display, using colors or different gray scales, of the bubblevelocityaround the boreholeagainst depth
velocity map
A method of producing a radioactive-tracerlog, in which aslugof radioactive material is injected into the flow streamof aproductionorinjection wellfrom one section of aloggingtool and observed as it passes one or more gamma ray detectors in another section
velocity-shot measurement
A record of thevelocityand direction of water flowing in and around aboreholebased onoxygen activation
water flow log
