Production Flashcards
Four basic steps to make steamed rice
- Polishing
- Washing - by hand or maching
- Soaking
- Steaming
Two important roles of steaming
- Ensure the rice is able ot break up in the water during fermentation.
- Change the structure of the starch so the enzymes can access it and convert it into sugar.
If a brewer only polishes away some of the endosperm, the sake has more __________ and ____________ with ___________ and ____________ aromas.
acidity and umami with cereal and lactic aromas.
What does washing do?
Removes the dust reside left on the rice grains after polishing.
Rice that is polished to 70% is typically used to make sake that have:
A. more acidity and less umami
B. more acidity and more umami
C. less acidity and more umami
D. less acidity and less umami
B. more acidity and more umami
Rice that is polished to less than 50% is typically used to make sakes that have:
A. more acidity and less umami
B. less acidity and less umami
C. more acidity and more umami
D. less acidity and more umami
B. less acidity and less umami
What is the legally defined polishing ratio for daiginjō?
50% or less
Which one of the following has the production steps in the correct order?
A. Washing, polishing, steaming, soaking
B. Polishing, washing, soaking, steaming
C. Washing, steaming, soaking, polishing
D. Soaking, washing, polishing, steaming
B. Polishing, washing, soaking, steaming
The shuba (or moto) must be acidic why?
To inhibit the growth of microbes that can spoil the sake.
Standard ratio of steamed rice, koji, and water placed in fermentation tank.
80 : 20 : 130
steamed rice : koji : water
The aim of the fermentation starter is….
The build up a healthy population of yeast
The four main ingredients of the fermentation starter:
- kōji
- steamed white rice
- yeast
- water.
Prior to the start of the 20th Century, how was unwanted yeast and bacteria growth controlled?
The use of methods called kimoto and yamahai— both still used by brewers.
They both rely on culture of lactic acid bacteria naturally developing at the very start of the fermentation. They create lactic acid and make the fermentation starter acidic. Ultimately they give way to the brewer’s selected yeast.
Sakes made using this method typically have richer, more savoury flavours and are fuller bodied.
Which of the following statements is true regarding tsuki-haze kōji?
A. It is typically used to produce sakes with high levels of acidity and umami.
B. It has a high level of mould growth.
C. It is typically used in the longest fermentations.
D. It has a high level of enzymes.
C. It is typically used in the longest fermentations.
What is the legally defined polishing ratio for daiginjō?
A. 70% or less
B. 50% or less
C. 100% or less
D. 60% or less
B. 50% or less
What is the legally defined polishing ration for ginjō?
A. 50% or less
B. 100% or less
C. 70% or less
D. 60% or less
D. 60% or less
In the brewing process, what generally happens on Day 1?
Fermentation starter, water, kōji, and steamed rice are added to fill the tank to 1/6
In the brewing process, what generally is added on Day 2?
Nothing.
In the brewing process, what is generally added on Day 3?
Water, kōji, and steamed rice in 1/3 to total volume. When added to the previous 1/6, should equal 1/2 the brewing volume of the tank.
In the brewing process, what generally happens day 4?
Water, kōji, and steamed rice added in 1/2 brewing volume of the tank to achieve maximum volume.
When is Jōzō added?
After fermentation, before filtration.
What type of sake is lightly filtered?
Nigori
What indicates a sake that is not fined using charcoal?
Muroka
What kind of sake is not fully pasteurized?
Nama