Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology: Multicellular Organisms > Producing New Cells > Flashcards

Producing New Cells Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Mitosis?

A

The process of cell division which provides new cells for growth, repair of damaged tissues, and replacement of dead and damaged cells. It maintains the diploid chromosome complement. Mitosis ensures that the chromosomes in every cell are identical and no genetic information is lost.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is DNA replicated?

A

In the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the stages of mitosis

A

Stage 1: DNA is replicated in the cell this means that each chromosome doubles itself - visible as a coiled thread. The cell now contains twice as many chromosomes as it typically would. The replicated chromosomes are called chromatids.

Stage 2: The nuclear membrane breaks down and rope like structures called spindle fibres attach to the chromatids.

Stage 3: The spindle fibres line chromotids up at the equator of the cell. The spindle fibres contract and pull the sister chromatids to opposite sides of the cell poles.

Stage 4: The sister chromatids are now called chromosomes and a new nuclear membrane forms around them. Two new diploid daughter cells are formed genetically identical to the original cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the chromosome complement of a cell?

A

The number and type of chromosomes it contains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the chromosome complement of most cells?

A

Diploid - their nuclei have two matching sets of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The nucleus controls all cell activities, including?

A

Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is replication?

A

The process by which DNA copies itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

During mitosis, each cell is…

A

Replicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A replicated chromosome is called a…

A

Chromatid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

In mitosis, the nucleus of a diploid parent cell divides to produce…

A

Two diploid nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Daughter cells are…

A

Genetically identical to their parent cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The sequence of events in mitosis starts with…

A

Chromosomes replicating and becoming visible as pairs of chromatids. The chromosomes line up at the equator and their chromatids are pulled to opposite poles by spindle fibres to form two new nuclei.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

After mitosis…

A

The cell cytoplasm splits between the nuclei to form two daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Stem cells are/can/have…

A

Found in animals
Unspecialised
Self renew by dividing
The potential to become different types of cells
Involved in growth and repair
Be obtained from the embryo at a very early stage
In addition, tissue stem cells can be found in the body throughout life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Multicellular organisms have…

A

More than one cell type and are made up of tissues and organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Organs perform different functions. The cells in organs are…

A

Specialised for their function and work together to form systems

17
Q

Specialisation of cells leads to the…

A

Formation of a variety of cells, tissues and organs

18
Q

A hierarchy exists…

A

C. T. O. S
Cells, Tissues, Organs, Systems

19
Q

Red blood cells…

A

Carry oxygen to the body tissues
Constantly breaking down and renewing
Contain the protein haemoglobin, which binds oxygen
Has no nucleus so there is more space available to carry oxygen

20
Q

Examples of specialised cells include…

A

Sperm Cell: found in the testes, job is to carry genetic information and fertilise the egg

Egg Cell: found in the ovaries, job is to carry genetic information

Nerve Cell: found all over the body, job is to carry electrical signals to the brain

Red Blood Cell: found in the blood, job is to carry oxygen around the body

Palisade Cell: found on the surface of leaves, job is photosynthesis

Root Hair Cell: found in the roots of plants, job is to absorb water and minerals

Ciliated Epithelium: found in the throat/airways, job is to sweep mucus and dirt back up the throat

21
Q

Mitosis Stage I…

A

At the beginning of mitosis, the cell prepares itself for division.

The DNA of the cell is duplicated, creating two copies of each strand of DNA called a chromosome.

22
Q

Mitosis Stage II…

A

Chromosomes condense and become visible.

The chromosomes shorten and thicken and are seen as a pair of chromatids.

23
Q

Mitosis Stage III…

A

The nuclear envelope around the nucleus breaks down.

The chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell.

Spindle fibres attach to the chromosomes.

24
Q

Mitosis Stage IV…

A

The pairs of chromosomes are pulled apart and the chromatids move to the opposite ends of the cell.

Duplicate copies of the cell’s DNA are now on each side of the cell and are ready to divide.

25
Q

Mitosis Stage V…

A

New nuclear membranes form around each region of DNA.

The cytoplasm divides between the two new cells.

The cell pinches in the middle and divides into two genetically identical daughter cells.

Biology: Multicellular Organisms (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions