Prochaska's 6 Stage Model Flashcards
(ESSAY ONLY) What are the key assumptions of Prochaska’s model? (3 points)
- Does not view change as a ‘single event’ but emphasis the gradual nature of change - it’s a process, and may go up & down
- Model includes ‘pre-action & ‘post-action’ stages and is cyclical: may go through stages in order, BUT relapse to a prior stage can happen at any point
- Final stage: ‘Termination’ was added to allow for the fact some can actually break out of the cycle and be free of the undesirable behaviour
What is the mnemonic used to remember the 6 stages? (1 point)
PCP AMT
What is the 1st stage of the model? (2 points)
Pre-contemplation
- Individual is aware that the behaviour is unhealthy but feel no need to take any action
- May be in DENIAL
What techniques may be used in the 1st stage to move someone on? (2/3 points)
- Explain & personalise the risk
- Encourage re-evaluation of current behaviour
DECISION MUST BE THEIRS
What is the 2nd stage of the model? (2 points)
Contemplation
- Individuals show an awareness that they need to take action, but don’t
- May be because of the perceived costs of giving up
What techniques may be used in the 2nd stage to move someone on? (2 points)
- Encourage evaluation of pros & cons of behaviour change
- Identify & promote new positive outcome expectations
What is the 3rd stage of this model? (4 points)
Preparation
Should counter anxiety by taking small steps
- Individual preparing for action
- If behaviour change is planned = greater chance of success
- E.G: cutting down, deciding on rewards to keep motivation
What techniques may be used in the 3rd stage to move someone on? (2 points)
- Help individual identify social support
- Verify they have the required underlying skills to change
What is the 4th stage of this model? (5 point)
Action
Relapse common. Individuals should control their environment
- Plan is put into action
- E.G: Smoking stopped for the 1st time & actual behaviour change has occurred
- Requires commitment
- Must last 6 months before next stage
What techniques may be used in the 4th stage to move someone on?
- Plan for follow-up
- Reinforce internal rewards
- Discuss coping with relapse
What is the 5th stage of the model? (4 points)
Maintenance
Relapse can still occur - individual should be wary of social pressures, etc.
- Maintenance strategies employed
- E.G: Recognising the benefits of quitting, rewards for stopping
- Lengthy stage (after 6 mo.) and is focussed on motivation
What techniques may be used in the 5th stage to move someone on? (3 points)
- Plan for follow-up
- Reinforce internal rewards
- Discuss coping with relapse
What is the 6th stage of the model? (3 points)
Termination
- No longer any temptation and there is maximum confidence in the ability to restrict addictive behaviour
- Individual has new self-image, increased self-efficacy & no temptation in any new situation
- Some never achieve this stage, instead staying in the maintenance stage for many years. However, this stage means the change is complete
(Strength) Outline Velicer et al.’s (2007) study (2 points)
- Meta-analysis showed there was a robust 22-26% success rate for reducing addictions using the model
- No demographic (e.g. age) differences BUT success dependent on the habits
(Strength) What are the practical applications of Prochaska’s model? (3 points)
- Appropriate interventions can be administered depending on the stage & treatment an be personalised to suit their needs
- E.G: someone in the contemplation phase may be advised to evaluate pros & cons of the change. Whereas someone in the action phase may be advised to plan for follow-ups & discuss coping with relapse
- This displays the model can tailored to all kinds of people
