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Geography - Coasts > Processes of Marine & Aeolian Deposition > Flashcards

Processes of Marine & Aeolian Deposition Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is deposition occurring?

A

An environment with low energy waves - they have less energy to carry material
Abundant supply of material - an environment with intensive erosion
Sand and shingle accumulate faster than they are removed
Water pauses at the top of the swash - depositing material
Water is removed from waves as it percolates into beach material causing it too loose energy and deposit sediment

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2
Q

What are the types of deposition?

A

Aeolian, sub-aerial

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3
Q

What does aeolian deposition mean?

A

Wind deposition

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4
Q

What can aeolian deposition do?

A

Entrain, transport and deposit sediment

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5
Q

What factors influence aeolian deposition?

A

The time of day,

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6
Q

How does the time of day influence aeolian deposition?

A

Temperature influences size of the winds - pressure differential between land and sea - land is warmer, creates winds
Availability of sand - Low tides - leaves sand exposed to wind

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7
Q

How does the wind influence sand movement?

A

The wind tends to transport sand through saltation on or surface creep

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8
Q

What depositional land forms can Aeolian deposition cause?

A

Sand dunes

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9
Q

What are the main types of sub-aerial processes?

A

Weathering and mass movement.

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10
Q

What is weathering?

A

The breakdown of the coastline through the weakening of the underlying rocks in the area
Happens in situ

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11
Q

What are the types of weathering?

A

Mechanical, biological, chemical

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12
Q

What is mechanical weathering?

A

This type of weathering is influenced by climate - free thaw (takes place when water enters crack in rock, water freezes and expands, causing the rock to crack)

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13
Q

What is biological weathering?

A

Is the action of vegetation or organisms in coastal environments - birds or rabbits nest in cliff, weakening it. Seaweed can attach itself to rock, causing

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14
Q

What are the types of chemical weathering?

A

Hydrolysis, hydration, carbonation, oxidation, solution, acid rain,

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15
Q

What is chemical weathering?

A

Weathering that takes place because rock is exposed to air and moisture in coastal environment

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16
Q

What is hydrolysis chemical weathering?

A

Mildly acidic water combines with minerals to create clays and salts which wears down rocks

17
Q

What is hydration chemical weathering?

A

Rocks absorb water and swells up, putting stress on rock causing it to eventually crack

18
Q

What is carbonation chemical weathering?

A

CO2 dissolves in water to form carbonic acid which can dissolve chalk and limestone (common in coastal environment)

19
Q

What is oxidation chemical weathering?

A

Causes the rock to disintegrate when oxygen dissolves in water forming oxides and hydroxides, this can dissolve rock

20
Q

What is solution chemical weathering?

A

Dissolving of rocks

21
Q

How does acid rain work as a chemical weathering?

A

Gases in the air combine with rain water - becoming acidic and dissolving rock

22
Q

What is mass movement effected by?

A

Temperature or level of saturation
Height/angle of slope
Grain size within sediment

23
Q

Why does the level of saturation effect mass movement?

A

More saturated - easier for landslides and the soil moves a lot

24
Q

How does the height/angle of the slope effect mass movement?

A

Steeper cliffs will tend to have more rock falls as they become undercut by erosion causing instability - collapse

25
Q

What are the different types of mass movement?

A 
Landslides
Rockfalls
Mudflows
Soil Creep
Rotational slip
26
Q

What is a landslide?

A

Softer rock will slip over each other - tends to happen after rainfall and steep gradient

27
Q

What is rockfall?

A

Cliffs are undercut by sea, the rock will eventually collapse

28
Q

What are mudflows?

A

Mud slips off slope after the lubricating of rainfall takes place

29
Q

What is soil creep?

A

Continuous movement of soil down a slope at a slow pace?

30
Q

What is rotational slip?

A

Has rotational movement on a concave cliff as soft material overlies more resistant material, whole sections of cliff face move downwards, accentuated by rainfall as it lubricates material

31
Q

What is run off?

A

The running of water over land
Act as a depositional feature as water carries sediment and material through flooding, intense rain, stream cascades over the cliff edge, it also aids mass movement as it helps lubricate cliff

Geography - Coasts (7 decks)

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