Processes and Manufacture Flashcards
What is a model?
Graphic representation of the item you are designing and is often scaled down
What is a protoype?
A life size working model of a design and is used for testing, development and evaluation
What is a mock up?
often full size and is a model of the design to allow for evaluation, a working model built for study, testing or display
What is the use of a 2:1 scale (twice full size)?
small intricate item (earring)
What is the use of a 1:1 scale (actual size)?
hand held object (mobile phone)
What is the use of a 1:2 scale (half size)?
small electric device (laptop)
What is the use of a 1:10 scale?
piece of furniture
What is the use of a 1:100 scale?
house or garden
What is the use of a 1:500 scale?
very large building (sports stadium)
What are modelling materials?
a range of materials used to produce high quality 3D models
Describe the features of expanded polystyrene
Used for block modelling, requires file or rasp, abrasive paper, filler (plaster of Paris) & acrylic paint to make
The advantage of it is that it is great for 3D models, the disadvantage is that it is difficult to achieve a high quality surface finish.
Safety precautions: cut in well ventilated place, wear mask to protect from dust.
It is not biodegradable.
Describe the features of Balsa wood
Used for block modelling, requires file or rasp, abrasive paper, acrylic paint to make
The advantage of it is that it is stronger than styrofoam & can act as a mould for vacuum formers, the disadvantage is that it takes long to shape and is more expensive than styrofoam
No safety precautions, biodegradable
Describe the features of plasticine or clay
Used for block modelling, requires fingers and wooden shaping tools to make
The advantage of it is that it is very quick to shape in 3D, can be vacuum formed and is easily recycled, the disadvantage is that it is difficult to achieve a good finish
No safety precautions, biodegradable
Describe the features of foam board
Used for point of sale stands, requires craft knife, safety ruler to make (and laser cutter/die cutter to make complicated shapes)
The advantage of it is that it is rigid, excellent surface to draw on, easy to apply a printed image to, the disadvantage is that it is difficult to hand cut curves without ripping the foam, not recyclable
Safety precautions: take care when cutting
Not biodegradable
Describe the features of Acrylic sheet, rod or tube
a
Describe the features of card (230-750 microns)
a
describe the features of board (750-3000 microns)
a
Describe the features of plastazote
a
What are the benefits of using a CAD package?
It is very easy to produce a whole range of views, colours and textures using this software. You can easily change designs and ideas. You can ensure the product is needed and not a waste of time. You can get quick feedback about the product. It is an excellent way of developing an idea.
What is the target market?
a group of people your design is aimed at
How does market segmentation work?
identify all the different types of people in the market and develop profiles for resulting segments of the market.
How does market targeting work ?
Evaluate each segment and select the target markets
How does product positioning work ?
Decide on how your product can be aimed at the target segment and then select, develop and communicate the chosen concept.
what is typography and why is it important ?
It is the art form of letter style and design and is a key part of promotional material and advertising
What is font?
it is a specific letter type consisting of upper and lower case and can be used in regular, bold, italic and bold italic style
What is so good about the typeface “serif”?
It conveys quality, seriousness and tradition and is used in the TImes
What is so good about the typeface “sans serif” ?
it doesn’t have extra strokes and normally conveys better value for money, fun and modern values and is used in the sun
How can we change fonts?
Change the typeface, increase the size, make them wider/ narrower finer/ darker, change the kerning (letter positioning)
What is DTP?
desktop publishing Is a program that would combine text and images
What does importing mean?
bring an image from one application into another application
How can CAD be used
Develop an idea using a computer
What is encapsulation and how is it useful
It helps to protect a printed product that will be handled many times and it is the inclusion of a printed item within a transparent outer casing, and for example a thin layer of plastic bonded over a printed surface
what is a pictorial drawing
A 3D drawing
what is an isometric
A pictorial drawing with horizontal lines which shows objects in 3D. Lines are vertical or at 30 degrees to the horizontal. isometric grids can also be used to construct round objects and more complex shapes
what is a one point perspective
a form of 3D drawing created with a single vanishing point
What is a two point perspective
creates a 3D drawing using 2 vanishing points
what is the vanishing point
the point where all the lines meet or converge
What is the horizon
a horizontal line on which the vanishing point sits
what is third angle orthographic projection
a standard technique for producing detail and working drawings that everyone can understand
what are the 3 angles of orthographic projection
front view - looking at the front of the product.
Plan view - drawn directly above the front view.
End/side view - drawn by looking at the side or end of a product
what does a continuous line mean in British standard conventions
Outlines
What does a continuous thin line mean in British Standard conventions
dimension, projection, hatch line
What does short dashes mean in British Standard conventions
hidden detail
What does long chain mean in British Standard conventions
centre lines
What does long chain, thick end lines, arrows mean in British Standard conventions
section lines
What does wavy lines mean in British standard conventions
sort break lines
what are sectional drawings
drawings produced by cutting through an object and the area where the object is cut is shown by hatching
what are exploded drawings
production of a 3D drawing showing construction methods and components which are drawn separately but in relation to one another and shows how the product should be assembled
what is self assembly
constructing an item from a kit using instructions supplied
what are the benefits of self assembly
company can store many more products in a certain space and make more money. Customer pays less for the item because the company pays less for professional assembly and so prices can be lower. 3D drawn instructions are simpler and cheaper to produce than worded ones
what are scale drawings
They are used when its impossible to draw the product at its actual size because it is too big or too small
What are site plans and maps
a drawing that shows a piece of land from above with existing and/or new buildings and features
what is a schematic drawing
a drawing of an electrical or mechanical system
what is a floor plan
a scaled down drawing to represent how the floor space in a building is to be laid out
what is a surface development
a 2D version of an item that will eventually be assembled into a 3D project
how is a surface development is folded into a 3D shape
need to be creased, folded and glued
what machine is used for irregular shaped surface developments
die cutter
How are nets made
They are designed in a way to be glued together or to be able to self interlock
What do designers need to consider during the design process
A range of commercial and environmental constraints
How can data be represented
bar charts, pie charts, line graphs and picotgrams
What does a bar chart show
shows comparison between data
What does a pie chart show
Shows proportions within data
What does a line graph show
They show changes in data
What does a pictogram show
they show comparisons but are easier to understand as they use pictures
What is corporate identity
the use of colours and slogans that help people to recognise a company
what is the corporate identity mainly based around
a logo but may involve other elements of the organisational structure
What are they types of logo
Logo-grams, symbols, logotypes, background images
What are logograms?
Use the initial letters of an organisation (IBM)
What are symbols used for in a logo?
Use simplified image that helps to communicate the service or product (Apple)
What are logotypes?
Use a different typeface to be distinctive (virgin)
What are background images used for in logos?
communicate informations about the product or services (poured milk next to Cadburys logo)
What are the key factors for a logo?
to be clear and eyecatching. to be a ble to transfer to all types of material. To carry enough information to become a trademark for the organisation.
How do you make a logo clear and eye catching?
Use contrasting colours and simple shapes.
How do you see if a logo can be transferred to all types of material?
Apply to different items
How do you see if the logo carries enough information to become the trademark for the organisation?
Put it on a product without their full name
What are the three main types of symbols?
Enactive or action symbols. Iconic or pictorial symbols. Symbolic or abstract symbols.
What are enactive or action symbols?
These show something happening (pedestrian crossing sign)
What are symbolic or abstract symbols?
These are used to represent something that we can recognise from the concept they are portraying (Olympic rings are the 5 continents involved)
What are ideograms?
simplified pictures which relate a message to other people
What are pictograms?
similar to ideograms but are usually more stylised and use contrasting colours and are wordless and are used in public areas.
What is a flowchart?
a diagram which explains the processes and illustrates the sequence of operations that need to be done when doing a task (Manufacturing a product) showing inputs, processes and outputs
What is a rounded rectangle shape in a flow chart?
Terminal - start and end of process
What is a hexagonal shape in a flow chart?
Adjust/preparation - Used when an adjustment is needed in the process
What is a rectangle shape in a flow chart?
Process - what you are doing/what does the process.
What is a diamond shape in a flow chart?
decision - where you have to make a decision
What are feedback loops used for in a flow chart?
show the operator where to go back to if necessary.
