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FALL 12 Phonetics > Processes > Flashcards

Processes Flashcards

1
Q

Reduplication

A

replaces part of the word (usually an unstressed syllable) with a repetition of the other part of the word (usually stressed)

Ex: “doggy” : target [dɔgɪ] → [dɔdɔ]

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2
Q

Syllable Structure Processes

A

Simplify words toward a CV(CV) pattern which has:

  • single consonant onset
  • nucleus w/ no coda
  • Multisyllabic words with “trochaic” pattern

Four typical processes in this category:

  1. final consonant deletion
  2. weak syllable deletion
  3. cluster reduction
  4. reduplication
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3
Q

Weak Syllable Deletion

A

omission of an unstressed syllable either preceding or following a stressed syllable

telephone → /tEfon/

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4
Q

Final Consonant Deletion

A

removes word final consonants to fit the CV syllable pattern

Ex: “cat, cap” target [kæt], [kæp] → [kæ]

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5
Q

Cluster Reduction

A

Deletes consonants from a consonant cluster to fit CV syllable pattern

Ex: “brownie” : target [braʊnɪ] → [baʊnɪ]

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6
Q

Substitution Processes

A

Involve systematic use of sounds that have been mastered for ones that have not yet been mastered or to produce more simple articulatory patterns

  • stopping
  • fronting
  • deaffrication
  • gliding
  • vocalization (vowelization)
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7
Q

Stopping

A

change of a target fricative or afficate to a stop

Example: “juice”: target [ʤus] → [dus]

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8
Q

Fronting

A

Change of a target velar and/or palatal place of articulation to an alveolar place of articulation

Example: “cat”: target [kæt] → [tæt]

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9
Q

Deaffrication

A

Change of a target affricate to a fricative

Example: “choo‐choo”: target [ʧuʧu]  [ʃuʃu]

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10
Q

Vocalization

A

Change of a target post-vocalic /l/ /r/ or rhotic vowel to a non-rhotic vowel

Example: “pear” target [pɛr] → [pɛʊ]

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11
Q

Assimilatory Processes

A

Change a target phoneme to be more like a nearby phoneme

When done with consonants, may also be called consonant harmony

  • Labial assimilation
  • Alveolar assimilation
  • Velar assimilation
  • Voicing assimilation (voicing or devoicing)
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12
Q

Labial Assimilation

A

Change of a target non-labial sound to match a labial sound in the word

“cap”: target [kæp] [pæp]

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13
Q

Alveolar Assimilation

A

Change of a target non alveolar sound to match an alveolar sound in the word

“doggy”: target [dɔgɪ] → [dɔdɪ]

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14
Q

Velar Assimilation

A

Change of a target non-velar sound to match a velar sound

“kitty”: target [kɪtɪ] → [kɪkɪ]

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15
Q

Gliding

A

Substitution of a glide for a target liquid

“blue”: target [blu]  [bwu]

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16
Q

Deaffrication

A

change of a target affricate to a fricative

Example: “choo‐choo”: target [ʧuʧu] → [ʃuʃu]

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17
Q

Phonological Processes normally resolve themselves without intervention

Resolved before age of 3

A
  • Weak syllable deletion
  • Final consonant deletion
  • Reduplication
  • Fronting
  • Consonant assimilation
  • Prevocalic Voicing
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18
Q

Phonological Processes normally resolve themselves without intervention

Resolved after age of 3

A
  • Cluster reduction
  • Gliding
  • Stopping
  • Vocalization
  • Final Devoicing
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19
Q

Idiosyncratic Processes

A

phonological process that is not typical of the speech behavior of a normally developing child

20
Q

Glottal Replacement

A

change of a target consonant to a glottal stop

Example: “lip”: target [lɪp] → [Ɂɪp]

21
Q

Backing

A

Change of a consonant that is normally produced farther forward in the mouth to a velar consonant

Example: “push”: target [pʊʃ]  [pʊk]

22
Q

Initial Consonant Deletion

A

involves the elision of word initial consonants

Example: “cat”: target [kæt] → [æt]

23
Q

Example: “yes”: target [jɛs]→ [dɛs]

A

Stop Replacing Glide

24
Q

Example: “poopoo”: target [pupu] → [fufu]

A

Fricative Replacing Stop

25
Q

replaces part of the word (usually an unstressed syllable) with a repetition of the other part of the word (usually stressed)

Ex: “doggy” : target [dɔgɪ] → [dɔdɔ]

A

Reduplication

26
Q

Simplify words toward a CV(CV) pattern which has:

  • single consonant onset
  • nucleus w/ no coda
  • Multisyllabic words with “trochaic” pattern

Four typical processes in this category:

  1. final consonant deletion
  2. weak syllable deletion
  3. cluster reduction
  4. reduplication
A

Syllable Structure Processes

27
Q

omission of an unstressed syllable either preceding or following a stressed syllable

telephone → /tEfon/

A

Weak Syllable Deletion

28
Q

removes word final consonants to fit the CV syllable pattern

Ex: “cat, cap” target [kæt], [kæp] → [kæ]

A

Final Consonant Deletion

29
Q

Deletes consonants from a consonant cluster to fit CV syllable pattern

Ex: “brownie” : target [braʊnɪ] → [baʊnɪ]

A

Cluster Reduction

30
Q

Involve systematic use of sounds that have been mastered for ones that have not yet been mastered or to produce more simple articulatory patterns

  • stopping
  • fronting
  • deaffrication
  • gliding
  • vocalization (vowelization)
A

Substitution Processes

31
Q

change of a target fricative or afficate to a stop

Example: “juice”: target [ʤus] → [dus]

A

Stopping

32
Q

Change of a target velar and/or palatal place of articulation to an alveolar place of articulation

Example: “cat”: target [kæt] → [tæt]

A

Fronting

33
Q

Change of a target affricate to a fricative

Example: “choo‐choo”: target [ʧuʧu]  [ʃuʃu]

A

Deaffrication

34
Q

Change of a target post-vocalic /l/ /r/ or rhotic vowel to a non-rhotic vowel

Example: “pear” target [pɛr] → [pɛʊ]

A

Vocalization

35
Q

Change a target phoneme to be more like a nearby phoneme

When done with consonants, may also be called consonant harmony

  • Labial assimilation
  • Alveolar assimilation
  • Velar assimilation
  • Voicing assimilation (voicing or devoicing)
A

Assimilatory Processes

36
Q

Change of a target non-labial sound to match a labial sound in the word

“cap”: target [kæp] [pæp]

A

Labial Assimilation

37
Q

Change of a target non alveolar sound to match an alveolar sound in the word

“doggy”: target [dɔgɪ] → [dɔdɪ]

A

Alveolar Assimilation

38
Q

Change of a target non-velar sound to match a velar sound

“kitty”: target [kɪtɪ] → [kɪkɪ]

A

Velar Assimilation

39
Q

Substitution of a glide for a target liquid

“blue”: target [blu]  [bwu]

A

Gliding

40
Q

change of a target affricate to a fricative

Example: “choo‐choo”: target [ʧuʧu] → [ʃuʃu]

A

Deaffrication

41
Q
  • Weak syllable deletion
  • Final consonant deletion
  • Reduplication
  • Fronting
  • Consonant assimilation
  • Prevocalic Voicing
A

Phonological Processes normally resolve themselves without intervention

Resolved before age of 3

42
Q
  • Cluster reduction
  • Gliding
  • Stopping
  • Vocalization
  • Final Devoicing
A

Phonological Processes normally resolve themselves without intervention

Resolved after age of 3

43
Q

phonological process that is not typical of the speech behavior of a normally developing child

A

Idiosyncratic Processes

44
Q

change of a target consonant to a glottal stop

Example: “lip”: target [lɪp] → [Ɂɪp]

A

Glottal Replacement

45
Q

Change of a consonant that is normally produced farther forward in the mouth to a velar consonant

Example: “push”: target [pʊʃ]  [pʊk]

A

Backing

46
Q

involves the elision of word initial consonants

Example: “cat”: target [kæt] → [æt]

A

Initial Consonant Deletion

FALL 12 Phonetics (3 decks)

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