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FALL 12 Phonetics > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Diactric

A

Specialized phonetic symbol used in both systematic/impressionistic transcription as well as suprasegmental features of speech

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2
Q

Broad Transcription

A

systematic phonemic transcription slash marks

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3
Q

Narrow Transcription

A

Allophonic transcription brackets

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4
Q

Citation Form

A

Pronounced in isolation. Phonemes are hyperarticulated (fully achieve artic. position)

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5
Q

Connected Speech

A

Produced in sentences or in conversation

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6
Q

Coarticulation

A

articulation overlaps -even in citation form

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7
Q

Universal Coarticulation

A

Articulators have to physically move from one place to another

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8
Q

Language Specific Coarticulation

A

Different languages can apply

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9
Q

Hypoarticulation

A

Articulators do not fully achieve the ideal articulatory position for each phoneme

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10
Q

Assimilation

A

change in phoneme to become more similar to another phoneme Assimilation results in change of place of articulation of a sound so multiple phonemes can be produced at the same place

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11
Q

Regressive Assimilation

A

Phoneme changes to be more similar to a phoneme that FOLLOWS it also called anticipatory

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12
Q

Progressive Assimilation

A

phoneme changes to be more similar to preceding phoneme

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13
Q

Elision

A

Deletion of a phoneme during speech production

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14
Q

Epenthesis

A

Addition of a phoneme or phonemes

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15
Q

Metathesis

A

Reversal of the order of sounds during word production

Ex: ask → /æks/

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16
Q

Vowel Reduction

A

change in the vowel quality

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17
Q

Suprasegmentals

A

aspects of speech beyond the segment, which affect the entire world or utterance

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18
Q

Stress

A

use of increased prominence of a syllable

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19
Q

Intonation

A

modification in pitch

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20
Q

Timing/Juncture

A

use of segmental duration and pauses to convey information about segment, word, and phrase boundaries

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21
Q

Specialized phonetic symbol used in both systematic/impressionistic transcription as well as suprasegmental features of speech

A

Diactric

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22
Q

systematic phonemic transcription

ball → /bal/

A

Broad Transcription

23
Q

Allophonic transcription

ball → [baɫ]

A

Narrow Transcription

24
Q

Pronounced in isolation. Phonemes are hyperarticulated (fully achieve artic. position)

A

Citation Form

25
Q

Produced in sentences or in conversation

A

Connected Speech

26
Q

articulation overlaps -even in citation form

A

Coarticulation

27
Q

Articulators have to physically move from one place to another

A

Universal Coarticulation

28
Q

Different languages can apply

A

Language Specific Coarticulation

29
Q

Articulators do not fully achieve the ideal articulatory position for each phoneme

A

Hypoarticulation

30
Q

change in phoneme to become more similar to another phoneme Assimilation results in change of place of articulation of a sound so multiple phonemes can be produced at the same place

A

Assimilation

31
Q

Phoneme changes to be more similar to a phoneme that FOLLOWS it also called anticipatory

A

Regressive Assimilation

32
Q

phoneme changes to be more similar to preceding phoneme

A

Progressive Assimilation

33
Q

Deletion of a phoneme during speech production

A

Elision

34
Q

Addition of a phoneme of phonemes

A

Epenthesis

35
Q

Reversal of the order of sounds during word production

A

Metathesis

36
Q

change in the vowel quality

A

Vowel Reduction

37
Q

aspects of speech beyond the segment, which affect the entire world or utterance

A

Suprasegmentals

38
Q

use of increased prominence of a syllable

A

Stress

39
Q

use of pitch to convey syntactic, semantic or pragmatic info

A

Intonation

40
Q

use of segmental duration and pauses to convey information about segment, word, and phrase boundaries

A

Timing/Juncture

41
Q

Three Levels of Stress

A
  • Primary
  • Secondary
  • Unstressed
42
Q

Secondary Stress

A

indicates a syllable with a full vowel that is weaker than primary stress and is transcribed by a small vertical mark below and to the left of the syllable

43
Q

Content Words

A

words that contain salient information in a sentence

Usually noun, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.

44
Q

Function Words

A

Mainly conveys syntactic meaning

Usually pronoun, prepositions etc

45
Q

Contrastive Stress

A

a normally unstressed word is stressed to distinguish it from another alternative

46
Q

Intonational Phrase (IP)

A

A pattern of change in pitch of the voice that spans an utterance

47
Q

Nuclear Accent

A

In the IP, the nuclear syllable will receive the greatest pitch change

also called tonic accnet or pitch accent

48
Q

Falling

A

used for unemotional statements, usually w/o much new information. Steady tone with fall at end, to indicate the end of the utterance

49
Q

Rise-Fall

A

Used for declarative statements. Steady tony with rise-fall occuring on the stressed syllable of stressed word.

50
Q

Rising

A

Used for yes/no questions and unfinished lists

51
Q

Syllable Structure Processes

A

Simplify words toward a CV(CV) pattern which has:

  • single consonant onset
  • nucleus w/ no coda
  • Multisyllabic words with “trochaic” pattern

Four typical processes in this category:

  1. final consonant deletion
  2. weak syllable deletion
  3. cluster reduction
  4. reduplication
52
Q

Weak Syllable Deletion

A

omission of an unstressed syllable either preceding or following a stressed syllable

telephone → /tEfon/

53
Q

Final Consonant Deletion

A

removes word final consonants to fit the CV syllable pattern

Ex: “cat, cap” target [kæt], [kæp] → [kæ]

54
Q

Cluster Reduction

A

Deletes consonants from a consonant cluster to fit CV syllable pattern

Ex: “brownie” : target [braʊnɪ] → [baʊnɪ]

FALL 12 Phonetics (3 decks)

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