Process Safety Flashcards
Which of the following is not measure of effectiveness safety program?
HAZOP
Lowest value on response vs dose curve is called
Thresold Limit Value
Identification, Evaluation and control are the phases of
Industrial Hygiene
Fire is rapid ______ of ignited fuel.
Exothermic oxidation
is a rapid increase in volume and release of energy in an extreme manner, usually with the generation of high temperatures and the release of gases
Explosion
____ is the lowest temperature that the vapours of a material will ignite when exposed to an ignition source.
Fire point
An explosion occurring within a vessel or a building, known as
Confined Explosion
For material handling which is wrong statement ______.
Environmental risk assessments should not be available
Who is responsible for ensuring the workers are provided with safe working environment?
OSHA
PHA stands for
Process Hazard Analysis
Which of the following is not Guide word of HAZOP?
NAND
Process of adding inert gas to combustible mixture to reduce concentration of oxygen below limiting oxygen concentration (LOC)
Inerting
Vessels can be pressure-purged by adding inert gas ______.
Under atmospheric pressure
The ____________ process determines whether exposure to a chemical can increase the incidence of adverse health effect.
Hazard identification
Hazard is defined as the probability of
suffering harm or loss
______ occurs when a tank containing a liquid held above its atmospheric pressure boiling point ruptures, resulting in the explosive vaporization of a large fraction of the tank contents.
Boiling-Liquid Expanding-Vapor Explosion
For ______ the reaction front propagates at a speed less than the speed of sound
deflagration
Static electricity is generated when
mists or sprays pass through orifices
An explosion resulting from the sudden failure of a vessel containing high-pressure nonreactive gas
Mechanical explosion
The essential elements for ______ are fuel, an oxidizer, and an ignition source
Fire triangle
What is toxicity equivalence factor?
Ratio of the toxicity of a chemical to that of another structurally related chemical (or index compound) chosen as a reference
OSHA ensures that employees have been provided with __.
PPE
ED stands for
Effective dose
Eco-toxicology is based on ______ of chemicals.
Toxicological
OSHA is part of the ___________ department of labour.
US
During the ______ phase, the various types of existing control measures and their effectiveness are also studied.
Evaluation
The unit-specific technical requirements are designed to
Prevent the release of HW
What are the steps involved in evaluation of toxicity?
hazard identification and dose-response evaluation
___________ establishes the relationship between the contaminant/s of concern and the receptor.
Toxicity assessment
Which of the following is not characteristics of hazardous waste?
Leakage
Results from long-term exposure to lower doses of a chemical is known as ________.
Chronic toxicity
Which of the following chemical is responsible for acute lung disease from Bhopal gas tragedy?
Methylisocyanate
Heavy metals like Arsenic, Cadmium and Cyanide effects _________.
Nervous system
______ represents a contact between a chemical agent and an object.
Exposure
Under the OSH Act, employers are responsible for providing a
Safe workplace
OSHA was created to _________
To reduce hazards
How is sensitivity analysed in risk estimation?
By critical assumptions
An incident can be called hazardous only when?
Stressor has the potential to cause harm to humans and ecological systems
What is the main purpose of hazard identification?
To characterize adverse effect of toxins
Doses are expressed on a _________ basis
Body-weight
Major application of dose-response curve is to obtain ______
Threshold
Which of the following valve is known as a safety valve?
Pressure relief valve
When did Seveso accident occur?
1976
A waste to be called toxic, acute oral LD50 concentration should be _______ mg/kg.
2500
What is chronic toxicity?
Effects due to long term exposure
The gauge pressure during normal service, usually 10% below the MAWP known as
Operating pressure
Occurs when a tank containing a liquid held above its atmospheric pressure boiling point ruptures, resulting in the explosive vaporization of a large fraction of the tank contents.
Boiling-Liquid Expanding-Vapor Explosion
What is acute toxicity?
Effects due to short term exposure
Why does site history have to be considered for hazard identification?
To know the probable source and causes of contamination on site
Hazard identification mainly focus on
Chemical source and concentration
Estimation of short-term and long term exposure are usually in terms of
Doses by exposure rate
Which of the following risk assessment tool is used for the determination of spatial distribution of contaminants at the site?
Exposure assessment
The toxicological end point for dose-response relationship should be _________
Definitive
For existing chemicals, we should always consider ________ exposure assessment based on modelling, to derive an environmental concentration.
Reasonable worst case
What is the main goal of risk management?
Calculate probability of adverse effect on individual and population
The FAR reports the number of fatalities based on 1000 employees working their entire lifetime. The employees are assumed to work a total of 50 years.
FAR
The last step of accident process
Termination
LD50 in a toxicity test stands for ______
A dose that will kill 50% of an exposed population
The pressure difference between the relief set pressure and the relief reseating pressure. It is expressed as a percentage of the set pressure.
Blowdown
What is the most common approach used to asses skin exposure to a contaminant?
Using pad or dosimeters to determine the amount of contaminant deposited on the skin
The father of occupational medicine who said a doctor should always ask a patient of what trade are you is said to be
Dr. Ramazzini
Who had a large influence on American OHS regulation in the early part of the 20th century, and who also wrote exploring the dangerous trades
Dr. Alice Hamilton
In what year did the US federal government first pass a workers compensation act for some civil employees?
1908
In what year was the first American state workers compensation act passed?
1911
This American federal act was the first know legal adoption of standards for allowable concentrations of chemicals in workplace air.
Waish-haeley Public Contract Act
The most well known OEls are established by
ACGIH
The most well known OEls are established by
ACGIH
The ACGIH TLVs
are science based
If three of the following are said to be exposure limits for chemical X, which one is likely to be the ceiling limit?
1000ppm
The definition of the ACGIH TLV_STELs refer to certain health effects that must be avoided. these do not include
carcinogenicity
Which organization is widely recognized around the world as setting exposure limits for ionizing radiation?
International commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP)
Which is not an agent ACGIH sets standards for?
Ionizing radiation
Which is not one of the main forms in which chemicals are present in the workplace?
Fibers
Chemicals cause two main kinds of health effects
Local effects and poisoning
Who said it is the dose only that makes a thing not a poison?
Paracelsus
A dose response curve illustrating acute toxicity usually has
a s-shaped or sigmoidal curve
If the dose response curves of three chemicals are shown on the same graph, the one which intersects the xaxis (dose) at the lowest dose is
the most poisonous
The most common type of LD 50 test involves
an oral dose
For any given chemical, a high LD 50 value generally means
Low toxicity
Which statement about ingestion as a route of entry into the workers body by workplace chemicals is incorrect?
ingestion is usually a significant way in which chemicals gain entry into the body
(True or False) Food contamination with workplace chemicals can be a way chemicals can enter the body by ingestion
True
_____ is a method of entry of chemicals by ingestion can be reduced
Hand washing
The two main categories of skin irritation caused by chemicals are
Information and corrosion
An example of a workplace chemical that can damage the kidneys specifically is
Lead salts
Which is not a chemical known to specifically damage the kidney
vinyl chloride
Which is a chemical known to specifically damage the kidney
Chlorinated hydrocarbons (carbon tetrachloride)
Lead salts
Mercury salts
Which is not one of the four main types of skin exposures
radiological
Which is not one of the four main types of skin exposures
a) mechanical
c) physical
d) chemical
What violations are most commonly cited by OSHA?
Fall Protection
What violations are most commonly cited by OSHA?
Fall Protection
What is the leading cause of death on construction sites?
Falls
Which of the following is not a chemical-related health hazard?
Reactivity
Which of the following is not a chemical-related health hazard?
A. Carcinogenicity
C. Corrosivity
D. Toxicity
Rubber insulating gloves need to be tested:
Before first use and then every 6 months
Which of the following is not measure of effectiveness safety program?
HAZOP
Which of the following is a measure of effectiveness safety program?
A. OSHA incident rate
B. Fatal Accident Rate(FAR)
C. Fatality Rate
For material handling which is wrong statement………
Environmental risk assessmentsshould not be available.
Flammable liquids should be stored in _____so they cannot spread uncontrollably.
retaining embankments
Corrosive substances should not be stored
above eye level.
Indoor storage facilities for flammable liquids should have
ventilation
Who is responsible for ensuring the workers are provided with safe working environment?
OSHA
Who is responsible for ensuring the workers are provided with safe working environment?
OSHA
PHA stands for
Process Hazard Analysis
The reliability analysis in process industry is done by which of the following?
Fault Tree Analysis
Which of the following is a Guide word of HAZOP?
No
Less
More
___________ establishes the relationship between the contaminant/s of concern and the receptor.
Toxicity assessment
What is the main purpose of hazard identification?
To characterize adverse effect of toxins
Doses are expressed on a _________ basis.
Body weight
Major application of dose-response curve is to obtain ______
Threshold
The gauge pressure during normal service, usually 10% below the MAWP known as
Operating pressure
Which of the following risk assessment tool is used for the determination of spatial distribution of contaminants at the site?
Exposure assessent
Which of the following risk assessment tool is used for the determination of spatial distribution of contaminants at the site?
Exposure assessent
What is the final stage of risk assessment?
Risk characterisation
The toxicological end point for dose-response relationship should be _____.
Definitive
What is the main gal of risk management?
Calculate probability of adverse effect on individal and population
The _____ reports the number of fatalities based on 1000 employees working their lifetime. The employees are assumed to work a total of 50 years.
FAR
