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Day 3 > Process Safety > Flashcards

Process Safety Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is not measure
of effectiveness safety program?
OSHA incident rate
Fatal Accident
Rate(FAR)
Fatality Rate
HAZOP

A

HAZOP

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2
Q

How toxicants enters into organism?
Ingestion
Injection
Inhalation
All of the above

A

All of the above

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3
Q

Lowest value on response vs dose
curve is called….
Thresold Limit Value
Average response
Highest response
Relative toxicity

A

Thresold Limit Value

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4
Q

Identification, Evaluation and control
are the phases of…….
Safety Program
Industrial Hygiene
Material handling
None of above

A

Industrial Hygiene

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5
Q

Fire is rapid——– of ignited fuel.
Exothermic oxidation
exothermic reduction
Endothermic Reduction
Endothermic
oxidation

A

Exothermic oxidation

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6
Q

………………..is a rapid increase in
volume and release of energy in an
extreme manner, usually with the
generation of high temperatures and
the release of gases
Fire
Flammability
Explosion
Toxicity

A

Explosion

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7
Q

..is the lowest temperature
that the vapours of a material will
ignite when exposed to an ignition
source.
Flash point
Fire point
Autoignition
temperature
Inerting

A

Fire point

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8
Q

An explosion occurring within a vessel
or a building, known as
Confined Explosion
Unconfined Explosion
BLEVE
None of above

A

Confined Explosion

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9
Q

Which of the following Causes of
overpressure…..
Ambient heat
Valve failures
Both 1 & 2
None of above

A

Both 1 & 2

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10
Q

For material handling which is wrong
statement………
Indoor storage
facilities for flammable
liquids should have
ventilation.
Flammable liquids
should be stored in
retaining embankments
so they cannot spread
uncontrollably.
Corrosive substances
should not be stored
above eye level.
Environmental risk
assessments should
not be available

A

Environmental risk
assessments should
not be available

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11
Q

Who is responsible for ensuring the
workers are provided with safe
working envrionment?
HAZAN
HAZOP
AICHE
OSHA

A

OSHA

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12
Q

Hazard evaluation consist of the
elements…..
Safety
Review/Audit/Inspecti
on
HAZAN
HAZOP
All of the above

A

All of the above

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13
Q

PHA stands for
Process Hazard
Analysis
Public Housing Authority
Public Health
Association
Personal Health
Assessment

A

Process Hazard
Analysis

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14
Q

Which of the following is not Guide
word of HAZOP?
NO
LESS
MORE
NAND

A

NAND

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15
Q

HAZAN study includes
Estimate how often an
incident will occur.
steps can be taken to
either eliminate risks or
reduce risk to an
acceptable level.
It is centered around the
hazard analysis and
functional based safety
process
All of the above

A

All of the above

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16
Q

Process of adding inert gas to
combustible mixture
to reduce concentration of oxygen
below limiting
oxygen concentration (LOC)
Fire Point
Flash point
inerting
Toxicity

A

inerting

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17
Q

Vessels can be pressure-purged by
adding inert gas ………
Under atmospheric
pressure
Atmospheric pressure
Above Atmospheric
pressure
at high temp

A

Under atmospheric
pressure

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18
Q

The ____________ process
determines whether exposure to a
chemical can increase the incidence
of adverse health effect.
Hazard identification
Exposure assessment
Toxicity assessment
Risk characterization

A

Hazard identification

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19
Q

Hazard is defined as the probability of
suffering harm or loss.
accident
development
fire

A

suffering harm or loss.

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20
Q

occurs when a tank
containing a liquid held above its
atmospheric pressure boiling point
ruptures, resulting in the explosive
vaporization of a large fraction of the
tank contents.
Boiling-Liquid
Expanding-Vapor
Explosion
Vapor Cloud Explosions
Missile Damage
Blast Damage to
People

A

Boiling-Liquid
Expanding-Vapor
Explosion

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21
Q

for……… the reaction front
propagates at a speed less than the
speed of sound
deflagration
detonation
Confined Explosions
Unconfined
Explosions

A

deflagration

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22
Q

Static electricity is generated when
mists or sprays pass
through process
mists or sprays pass
through orifices
air pass through pipe
water pass through
pipe

A

mists or sprays pass
through orifices

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23
Q

The MIE depends on the
specific chemical or
mixture
the concentration
pressure and
temperature
all of above

A

all of above

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24
Q

An explosion resulting from the
sudden failure of a vessel containing
high-pressure nonreactive gas
Deflagration
Mechanical explosion
Flammability limits
Firepoint

A

Mechanical explosion

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25
Q

The essential elements for
……………… are fuel, an oxidizer,
and an ignition source
Fire triangle
explosion
Flammability limits
toxicity

A

Fire triangle

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26
Q

What is toxicity equivalence factor?
Ratio of the toxicity of
a chemical to that of
another structurally
related chemical (or
index compound) chosen as a reference
Ratio of the toxicity of a
contaminant to that of
another structurally
related chemical (or
index compound)
chosen as a reference
Ratio of the toxicity of a
chemical to that of
another chemical
pollutant chosen as a
reference
Ratio of the toxicity of
a chemical to that of
source

A

Ratio of the toxicity of
a chemical to that of
another structurally
related chemical (or
index compound) chosen as a reference

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27
Q

OSHA ensures that employees have
been provided with _________
Job
PPE
Insurance
Security

A

PPE

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28
Q

ED stands for
Effective dose
Toxic dose
Erectile dysfunction
Lethal dose

A

Effective dose

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29
Q

Eco-toxicology is based on ______ of
chemicals.
Chemical
Physical
Toxicological
Biological

A

Toxicological

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30
Q

OSHA is part of the ___________
department of labour.
US
UK
India
Australia

A

US

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31
Q

toxicants enter organism through
Ingestion
Injection
Dermal absorption
all of above

A

all of above

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32
Q

During the ………………phase, the
various types of existing control
measures and their effectiveness are
also studied.
Identification
Evaluation
Control
Hygiene

A

Evaluation

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33
Q

The unit-specific technical
requirements are designed to ……
Prevent the release of
HW
Good housekeeping
Analysis
Export activities

A

Prevent the release of
HW

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34
Q

What are the steps involved in
evaluation of toxicity?
hazard identification
and dose-response
evaluation
chemical analysis
pathway analysis
evaluation of long
term impact

A

hazard identification
and dose-response
evaluation

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35
Q

___________ establishes the
relationship between the
contaminant/s of concern and the
receptor.
Hazard identification
Toxicity assessment
Risk characterisation
Exposure
assessment

A

Toxicity assessment

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36
Q

Which of the following is not
characteristics of hazardous waste?
Toxicity
Corrosivity
Ignitibility
Leakage

A

Leakage

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37
Q

Results from long-term exposure to
lower doses of a chemical is known
as ________
Acute toxicity
Chronic toxicity
Moderate toxicity
None

A

Chronic toxicity

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38
Q

Which of the following chemical is
responsible for acute lung disease
from Bhopal gas tragedy?
Methylisocyanate
Methylisocyanade
Methyl
Methylcyanate

A

Methylisocyanate

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39
Q

Heavy metals like Arsenic, Cadmium
and Cyanide effects _________
Immune system
Nervous system
Skin
Respiratory system

A

Nervous system

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40
Q

______ represents a contact
between a chemical agent and an
object.
Dose
Response
Exposure
Concentration

A

Exposure

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41
Q

Under the OSH Act, employers are
responsible for providing a
__________
Safe workplace
Land
Insurance
Estimation

A

Safe workplace

42
Q

OSHA was created to _________
Data analysis
To reduce hazards
Ecological development
EIA analysis

A

To reduce hazards

43
Q

How is sensitivity analysed in risk
estimation?
By critical
assumptions
Chemical assessment
Character assessment
Personal
measurement

A

By critical
assumptions

44
Q

An incident can be called hazardous
only when?
Stressor has the
potential to cause
harm to humans and
ecological systems
Poses threat to
surrounding
Monitoring is failed
Outburst of chemicals

A

Stressor has the
potential to cause
harm to humans and
ecological systems

45
Q

What is the main purpose of hazard
identification?
To minimise the effect
of a consequence
For better risk
management
To characterize adverse
effect of toxins
To reduce probability
of occurrence

A

To characterize adverse
effect of toxins

46
Q

Doses are expressed on a
_________ basis.
Accuracy
Precision
Body-weight
End point

A

Body-weight

47
Q

Major application of dose-response
curve is to obtain ______
Toxin
Carcinogens
Mutagens
Threshold

A

Threshold

48
Q

Which of the following valve is known
as a safety valve?
Scour valve
Pressure relief valve
Reflux valve
Altitude valve

A

Pressure relief valve

49
Q

When did Seveso accident occur?
1974
1975
1976
1977

A

1976

50
Q

A waste to be called toxic, acute oral
LD50 concentration should be
_______ mg/kg.
2200
2300
2400
2500

A

2500

51
Q

What is chronic toxicity?
Effects due to long
term exposure
Effects due to short term
exposure
Effects due to
exposure
Benefits due to
exposure

A

Effects due to long
term exposure

52
Q

The gauge pressure during normal
service, usually 10% below the
MAWP known as
Operating pressure
Set pressure
Overpressure
Accumulation

A

Operating pressure

53
Q

Pressure relief systems are required
for which of the following reasons
to protect personnel
from the dangers of
overpressurizing
equipment
to minimize chemical
losses during pressure
upsets,
both 1 & 2
None

A

both 1 & 2

54
Q

……….. occurs when a tank
containing a liquid held above its
atmospheric pressure boiling point
ruptures, resulting in the explosive
vaporization of a large fraction of the
tank contents.
Boiling-Liquid
Expanding-Vapor
Explosion
Vapor Cloud Explosions
Missile Damage
Blast Damage to
People

A

Boiling-Liquid
Expanding-Vapor
Explosion

55
Q

for……… the reaction front
propagates at a speed less than the
speed of sound
deflagration
detonation
Confined Explosions
Unconfined
Explosions

A

deflagration

56
Q

The MIE depends on the
specific chemical or
mixture
the concentration
pressure and
temperature
all of above

A

all of above

57
Q

An explosion resulting from the
sudden failure of a vessel containing
high-pressure nonreactive gas
Deflagration
Mechanical explosion
Flammability limits
Firepoint

A

Mechanical explosion

58
Q

The essential elements for
……………… are fuel, an oxidizer,
and an ignition source
Fire triangle
explosion
Flammability limits
toxicity

A

Fire triangle

59
Q

What is toxicity equivalence factor?
Ratio of the toxicity of
a chemical to that of
another structurally
related chemical (or
index compound)
chosen as a reference
Ratio of the toxicity of a
contaminant to that of
another structurally
related chemical (or
index compound)
chosen as a reference
Ratio of the toxicity of a
chemical to that of
another chemical
pollutant chosen as a
reference
Ratio of the toxicity of
a chemical to that of
source

A

Ratio of the toxicity of
a chemical to that of
another structurally
related chemical (or
index compound)
chosen as a reference

60
Q

OSHA ensures that employees have
been provided with _________
Job
PPE
Insurance
Security

A

PPE

61
Q

ED stands for
Effective dose
Toxic dose
Erectile dysfunction
Lethal dose

A

Effective dose

62
Q

Eco-toxicology is based on ______ of
chemicals.
Chemical
Physical
Toxicological
Biological

A

Toxicological

63
Q

OSHA is part of the ___________
department of labour.
US
UK
India
Australia

A

US

64
Q

toxicants enter organism through
Ingestion
Injection
Dermal
absorption
all of above

A

all of above

65
Q

During the ………………phase, the
various types of existing control
measures and their effectiveness are
also studied.
Identification
Evaluation
Control
Hygiene

A

Evaluation

66
Q

The unit-specific technical
requirements are designed to ……..
Prevent the release of
HW
Good housekeeping
Analysis
Export activities

A

Prevent the release of
HW

67
Q

What is acute toxicity?
Effects due to long
term exposure
Effects due to short term
exposure
Effects due to
exposure
Benefits due to
exposure

A

Effects due to short term
exposure

68
Q

Why does site history have to be
considered for hazard identification?
To estimate the risk
To calculate
carcinogenic exposure
To know the probable
source and causes of
contamination on site
For determination of
remedial actions

A

To know the probable
source and causes of
contamination on site

69
Q

Hazard identification mainly focus on
_____
Chemical source and
concentration
Chemical exposure
Chemical analysis
Chemical pathway

A

Chemical source and
concentration

70
Q

Estimation of short-term and long
term exposure are usually in terms of
________
Doses by exposure
rate
Susceptibility
Population
Genetics

A

Doses by exposure
rate

71
Q

Which of the following risk
assessment tool is used for the
determination of spatial distribution of
contaminants at the site?
Hazard identification
Exposure assessment
Toxicity assessment
Risk characterisation

A

Exposure assessment

72
Q

What is the final stage of risk
assessment?
Hazard identification
Risk characterisation
Exposure assessment
Toxicity assessment

A

Risk characterisation

73
Q

The toxicological end point for doseresponse relationship should be
_________
Definitive
Vague
Irrational
Less

A

Definitive

74
Q

For existing chemicals, we should
always consider ________ exposure
assessment based on modelling, to
derive an environmental
concentration.
Better case
Reasonable worst case
Moderate case
High case

A

Reasonable worst case

75
Q

What is the main goal of risk
management?
Pathway analysis
Estimation Transportation
Calculate probability
of adverse effect on
individual and
population

A

Calculate probability
of adverse effect on
individual and
population

76
Q

Elements of safe chemical storage
program consist of
Inventory of
Chemicals
Labeling of Chemicals
Segregating
Incompatibles
All of the above

A

All of the above

77
Q

The FAR reports the number of
fatalities based on 1000 employees
working their entire lifetime. The
employees are assumed to work a
total of 50 years.
FAR
Fatality Rate
OSHA
incident rate
None of above

A

FAR

78
Q

The last step of accident process
Initiation
Propagation
Termination
damage

A

Termination

79
Q

LD50 in a toxicity test stands for
______
a dose that will kill
50% of an exposed
population
a dose that would not
affect or harm 50% of
an exposed population
a dose that will kill 25%
of an exposed
population
a dose that would not
kill 25% of an
exposed population

A

a dose that will kill
50% of an exposed
population

80
Q

which of the following incorrect?
The relief valve is
primarily for liquid
service.
The safety valve is for
gas service.
The safety relief valve
is used for liquid and
gas service.
None of above

A

None of above

81
Q

The pressure difference between the
relief set pressure and the relief
reseating pressure. It is expressed as
a percentage of the set pressure.
Backpressure
Blowdown
Maximum allowable
accumulated pressure
Relief system

A

Blowdown

82
Q

What is the most common approach
used to asses skin exposure to a
contaminant?
a) biological
monitoring is
commonly used to
assess total body
burden or chemical
contaminants
b) critical flux is the
does resulting from
inhalation exposure
combined with dermal
exposure
c) using pad or
dosimeters to determine
the amount of
contaminant deposited
on the skin
d) there is no
recognized approach
to assess skin
exposure to a
contaminant

A

c) using pad or
dosimeters to determine
the amount of
contaminant deposited
on the skin

83
Q

The father of occupational medicine
who said a doctor should always ask
a patient of what trade are you is said
to be
a) Dr. Alice Hamilton
b) Paracelsus
c) Dr. Ramazzini
d) Dr. Percival Pott

A

Dr. Ramazzini

84
Q

Who had a large influence on
American OHS regulation in the early
part of the 20th century, and who also
wrote exploring the dangerous trades
a) dr. Alice Hamilton
b) Paracelsus
c) Dr. Ramazzoni
d) Dr. Percival Pott

A

a) dr. Alice Hamilton

85
Q

In what year did the US federal
government first pass a workers
compensation act for some civil
employees
a) 1900
b) 1905
c) 1908
d) 1910

A

1908

86
Q

In what year was the first American
state workers compensation act
passed
a) 1910
b) 1911
c)1913
d)1915

A

1911

87
Q

this American federal act was the first
know legal adoption of standards for
allowable concentrations of chemicals
in workplace air
a) OHSA b) mining Act
c) Walsh-healey Public
Contract Act
d) Roosevelt New
Deal Act

A

c) Walsh-healey Public
Contract Act

88
Q

The most well known OEls are
established by
a) NIOSH
b) OSHA
C) ANSI
d) ACGIH

A

ACGIH

89
Q

The ACGIH TLVs
a) protect all workers
b) are developed by
consensus
c) are science based
d) are a legal
standard for what is
safe

A

are science based

90
Q

If three of the following are said to be
exposure limits for chemical X, which
one is likely to be the ceiling limit
a) 1000ppm
b) 100ppm
c) 50ppm
d)10ppm

A

1000ppm

91
Q

The definition of the ACGIH
TLV_STELs refer to certain health
effects that must be avoided. these do
not include
a) irritation
b) chronic or irreversible
tissue damage
c) serious narcosis
d) carcinogenicity

A

carcinogenicity

92
Q

Which organization is widely
recognized around the world as
setting exposure limits for ionizing
radiation
a) ACGIH
b) National Intitute for
Occupational Safety and
health
c) American National
standards Intitute
d) International
commission on
Radiological
Protection (ICRP)

A

International
commission on
Radiological
Protection (ICRP)

93
Q

Which is not an agent ACGIH sets
standards for
a) chemicals
b) ionizing radiation
c) non-ionizing radiation
d) thermal stress

A

ionizing radiation

94
Q

Which is not one of the main forms in
which chemicals are present in the
workplace
a) mists
b) fibers
c) vapours
d) gasses

A

fibers

95
Q

Chemical scause two main kinds of
health effects
a) dermatoses and
cancer
b) external and internal
c) local effects and
poisoning
d) systematic and
tissue

A

local effects and
poisoning

96
Q

Who said it is the dose only that
makes a thing not a poison
a) Aristotle
b) Paracelsus
c) Florence Nightingale
d) Medic

A

Paracelsus

97
Q

a dose response curve illustrating
acute toxicity usually has
a) a s-shaped or
sigmoidal curve
b) a straight line at
about a 45 degree angle
c) and elliptical curve
d) a bell-shaped
curve

A

a s-shaped or
sigmoidal curve

98
Q

f the dose response curves of three
chemicals are shown on the same
graph, the one which intersects the xaxis (dose) at the lowest dose is
a) innocuous
b) lethal
c) the most poisonous
d) without a threshold
level

A

c) the most poisonous

99
Q

the most common type of LD 50 test
involves
a) chimpanzees
b) poison gas delivered
to a plexiglass cage
c) an oral dose
d) skin application

A

c) an oral dose

100
Q

For any given chemical, a high LD 50
value generally means
a) carcinogenicity
b) low toxicity
c) high toxicity
d) nothing - much
more needs to be
known

A

low toxicity

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