Process Safety Flashcards by Jeremy Jan Plagata

Which of the following is not measure
of effectiveness safety program?
OSHA incident rate
Fatal Accident
Rate(FAR)
Fatality Rate
HAZOP

HAZOP

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How toxicants enters into organism?
Ingestion
Injection
Inhalation
All of the above

All of the above

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Lowest value on response vs dose
curve is called….
Thresold Limit Value
Average response
Highest response
Relative toxicity

Thresold Limit Value

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Identification, Evaluation and control
are the phases of…….
Safety Program
Industrial Hygiene
Material handling
None of above

Industrial Hygiene

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Fire is rapid——– of ignited fuel.
Exothermic oxidation
exothermic reduction
Endothermic Reduction
Endothermic
oxidation

Exothermic oxidation

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………………..is a rapid increase in
volume and release of energy in an
extreme manner, usually with the
generation of high temperatures and
the release of gases
Fire
Flammability
Explosion
Toxicity

Explosion

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..is the lowest temperature
that the vapours of a material will
ignite when exposed to an ignition
source.
Flash point
Fire point
Autoignition
temperature
Inerting

Fire point

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An explosion occurring within a vessel
or a building, known as
Confined Explosion
Unconfined Explosion
BLEVE
None of above

Confined Explosion

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Which of the following Causes of
overpressure…..
Ambient heat
Valve failures
Both 1 & 2
None of above

Both 1 & 2

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For material handling which is wrong
statement………
Indoor storage
facilities for flammable
liquids should have
ventilation.
Flammable liquids
should be stored in
retaining embankments
so they cannot spread
uncontrollably.
Corrosive substances
should not be stored
above eye level.
Environmental risk
assessments should
not be available

Environmental risk
assessments should
not be available

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Who is responsible for ensuring the
workers are provided with safe
working envrionment?
HAZAN
HAZOP
AICHE
OSHA

OSHA

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Hazard evaluation consist of the
elements…..
Safety
Review/Audit/Inspecti
on
HAZAN
HAZOP
All of the above

All of the above

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PHA stands for
Process Hazard
Analysis
Public Housing Authority
Public Health
Association
Personal Health
Assessment

Process Hazard
Analysis

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Which of the following is not Guide
word of HAZOP?
NO
LESS
MORE
NAND

NAND

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HAZAN study includes
Estimate how often an
incident will occur.
steps can be taken to
either eliminate risks or
reduce risk to an
acceptable level.
It is centered around the
hazard analysis and
functional based safety
process
All of the above

All of the above

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Process of adding inert gas to
combustible mixture
to reduce concentration of oxygen
below limiting
oxygen concentration (LOC)
Fire Point
Flash point
inerting
Toxicity

inerting

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Vessels can be pressure-purged by
adding inert gas ………
Under atmospheric
pressure
Atmospheric pressure
Above Atmospheric
pressure
at high temp

Under atmospheric
pressure

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The ____________ process
determines whether exposure to a
chemical can increase the incidence
of adverse health effect.
Hazard identification
Exposure assessment
Toxicity assessment
Risk characterization

Hazard identification

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Hazard is defined as the probability of
suffering harm or loss.
accident
development
fire

suffering harm or loss.

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occurs when a tank
containing a liquid held above its
atmospheric pressure boiling point
ruptures, resulting in the explosive
vaporization of a large fraction of the
tank contents.
Boiling-Liquid
Expanding-Vapor
Explosion
Vapor Cloud Explosions
Missile Damage
Blast Damage to
People

Boiling-Liquid
Expanding-Vapor
Explosion

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for……… the reaction front
propagates at a speed less than the
speed of sound
deflagration
detonation
Confined Explosions
Unconfined
Explosions

deflagration

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Static electricity is generated when
mists or sprays pass
through process
mists or sprays pass
through orifices
air pass through pipe
water pass through
pipe

mists or sprays pass
through orifices

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The MIE depends on the
specific chemical or
mixture
the concentration
pressure and
temperature
all of above

all of above

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An explosion resulting from the
sudden failure of a vessel containing
high-pressure nonreactive gas
Deflagration
Mechanical explosion
Flammability limits
Firepoint

Mechanical explosion

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The essential elements for ……………... are fuel, an oxidizer, and an ignition source Fire triangle explosion Flammability limits toxicity

Fire triangle

What is toxicity equivalence factor? Ratio of the toxicity of a chemical to that of another structurally related chemical (or index compound) chosen as a reference Ratio of the toxicity of a contaminant to that of another structurally related chemical (or index compound) chosen as a reference Ratio of the toxicity of a chemical to that of another chemical pollutant chosen as a reference Ratio of the toxicity of a chemical to that of source

Ratio of the toxicity of a chemical to that of another structurally related chemical (or index compound) chosen as a reference

OSHA ensures that employees have been provided with _________ Job PPE Insurance Security

PPE

ED stands for Effective dose Toxic dose Erectile dysfunction Lethal dose

Effective dose

Eco-toxicology is based on ______ of chemicals. Chemical Physical Toxicological Biological

Toxicological

OSHA is part of the ___________ department of labour. US UK India Australia

toxicants enter organism through Ingestion Injection Dermal absorption all of above

all of above

During the ……………...phase, the various types of existing control measures and their effectiveness are also studied. Identification Evaluation Control Hygiene

Evaluation

The unit-specific technical requirements are designed to …… Prevent the release of HW Good housekeeping Analysis Export activities

Prevent the release of HW

What are the steps involved in evaluation of toxicity? hazard identification and dose-response evaluation chemical analysis pathway analysis evaluation of long term impact

hazard identification and dose-response evaluation

___________ establishes the relationship between the contaminant/s of concern and the receptor. Hazard identification Toxicity assessment Risk characterisation Exposure assessment

Toxicity assessment

Which of the following is not characteristics of hazardous waste? Toxicity Corrosivity Ignitibility Leakage

Leakage

Results from long-term exposure to lower doses of a chemical is known as ________ Acute toxicity Chronic toxicity Moderate toxicity None

Chronic toxicity

Which of the following chemical is responsible for acute lung disease from Bhopal gas tragedy? Methylisocyanate Methylisocyanade Methyl Methylcyanate

Methylisocyanate

Heavy metals like Arsenic, Cadmium and Cyanide effects _________ Immune system Nervous system Skin Respiratory system

Nervous system

______ represents a contact between a chemical agent and an object. Dose Response Exposure Concentration

Exposure

Under the OSH Act, employers are responsible for providing a __________ Safe workplace Land Insurance Estimation

Safe workplace

OSHA was created to _________ Data analysis To reduce hazards Ecological development EIA analysis

To reduce hazards

How is sensitivity analysed in risk estimation? By critical assumptions Chemical assessment Character assessment Personal measurement

By critical assumptions

An incident can be called hazardous only when? Stressor has the potential to cause harm to humans and ecological systems Poses threat to surrounding Monitoring is failed Outburst of chemicals

Stressor has the potential to cause harm to humans and ecological systems

What is the main purpose of hazard identification? To minimise the effect of a consequence For better risk management To characterize adverse effect of toxins To reduce probability of occurrence

To characterize adverse effect of toxins

Doses are expressed on a _________ basis. Accuracy Precision Body-weight End point

Body-weight

Major application of dose-response curve is to obtain ______ Toxin Carcinogens Mutagens Threshold

Threshold

Which of the following valve is known as a safety valve? Scour valve Pressure relief valve Reflux valve Altitude valve

Pressure relief valve

When did Seveso accident occur? 1974 1975 1976 1977

1976

A waste to be called toxic, acute oral LD50 concentration should be _______ mg/kg. 2200 2300 2400 2500

2500

What is chronic toxicity? Effects due to long term exposure Effects due to short term exposure Effects due to exposure Benefits due to exposure

Effects due to long term exposure

The gauge pressure during normal service, usually 10% below the MAWP known as Operating pressure Set pressure Overpressure Accumulation

Operating pressure

Pressure relief systems are required for which of the following reasons to protect personnel from the dangers of overpressurizing equipment to minimize chemical losses during pressure upsets, both 1 & 2 None

both 1 & 2

……….. occurs when a tank containing a liquid held above its atmospheric pressure boiling point ruptures, resulting in the explosive vaporization of a large fraction of the tank contents. Boiling-Liquid Expanding-Vapor Explosion Vapor Cloud Explosions Missile Damage Blast Damage to People

Boiling-Liquid Expanding-Vapor Explosion

for……... the reaction front propagates at a speed less than the speed of sound deflagration detonation Confined Explosions Unconfined Explosions

deflagration

The MIE depends on the specific chemical or mixture the concentration pressure and temperature all of above

all of above

An explosion resulting from the sudden failure of a vessel containing high-pressure nonreactive gas Deflagration Mechanical explosion Flammability limits Firepoint

Mechanical explosion

The essential elements for ……………... are fuel, an oxidizer, and an ignition source Fire triangle explosion Flammability limits toxicity

Fire triangle

Ratio of the toxicity of a chemical to that of another structurally related chemical (or index compound) chosen as a reference

OSHA ensures that employees have been provided with _________ Job PPE Insurance Security

PPE

ED stands for Effective dose Toxic dose Erectile dysfunction Lethal dose

Effective dose

Eco-toxicology is based on ______ of chemicals. Chemical Physical Toxicological Biological

Toxicological

OSHA is part of the ___________ department of labour. US UK India Australia

toxicants enter organism through Ingestion Injection Dermal absorption all of above

all of above

During the ……………...phase, the various types of existing control measures and their effectiveness are also studied. Identification Evaluation Control Hygiene

Evaluation

The unit-specific technical requirements are designed to …….. Prevent the release of HW Good housekeeping Analysis Export activities

Prevent the release of HW

What is acute toxicity? Effects due to long term exposure Effects due to short term exposure Effects due to exposure Benefits due to exposure

Effects due to short term exposure

Why does site history have to be considered for hazard identification? To estimate the risk To calculate carcinogenic exposure To know the probable source and causes of contamination on site For determination of remedial actions

To know the probable source and causes of contamination on site

Hazard identification mainly focus on _____ Chemical source and concentration Chemical exposure Chemical analysis Chemical pathway

Chemical source and concentration

Estimation of short-term and long term exposure are usually in terms of ________ Doses by exposure rate Susceptibility Population Genetics

Doses by exposure rate

Which of the following risk assessment tool is used for the determination of spatial distribution of contaminants at the site? Hazard identification Exposure assessment Toxicity assessment Risk characterisation

Exposure assessment

What is the final stage of risk assessment? Hazard identification Risk characterisation Exposure assessment Toxicity assessment

Risk characterisation

The toxicological end point for doseresponse relationship should be _________ Definitive Vague Irrational Less

Definitive

For existing chemicals, we should always consider ________ exposure assessment based on modelling, to derive an environmental concentration. Better case Reasonable worst case Moderate case High case

Reasonable worst case

What is the main goal of risk management? Pathway analysis Estimation Transportation Calculate probability of adverse effect on individual and population

Calculate probability of adverse effect on individual and population

Elements of safe chemical storage program consist of Inventory of Chemicals Labeling of Chemicals Segregating Incompatibles All of the above

All of the above

The FAR reports the number of fatalities based on 1000 employees working their entire lifetime. The employees are assumed to work a total of 50 years. FAR Fatality Rate OSHA incident rate None of above

FAR

The last step of accident process Initiation Propagation Termination damage

Termination

LD50 in a toxicity test stands for ______ a dose that will kill 50% of an exposed population a dose that would not affect or harm 50% of an exposed population a dose that will kill 25% of an exposed population a dose that would not kill 25% of an exposed population

a dose that will kill 50% of an exposed population

which of the following incorrect? The relief valve is primarily for liquid service. The safety valve is for gas service. The safety relief valve is used for liquid and gas service. None of above

None of above

The pressure difference between the relief set pressure and the relief reseating pressure. It is expressed as a percentage of the set pressure. Backpressure Blowdown Maximum allowable accumulated pressure Relief system

Blowdown

What is the most common approach used to asses skin exposure to a contaminant? a) biological monitoring is commonly used to assess total body burden or chemical contaminants b) critical flux is the does resulting from inhalation exposure combined with dermal exposure c) using pad or dosimeters to determine the amount of contaminant deposited on the skin d) there is no recognized approach to assess skin exposure to a contaminant

c) using pad or dosimeters to determine the amount of contaminant deposited on the skin

The father of occupational medicine who said a doctor should always ask a patient of what trade are you is said to be a) Dr. Alice Hamilton b) Paracelsus c) Dr. Ramazzini d) Dr. Percival Pott

Dr. Ramazzini

Who had a large influence on American OHS regulation in the early part of the 20th century, and who also wrote exploring the dangerous trades a) dr. Alice Hamilton b) Paracelsus c) Dr. Ramazzoni d) Dr. Percival Pott

a) dr. Alice Hamilton

In what year did the US federal government first pass a workers compensation act for some civil employees a) 1900 b) 1905 c) 1908 d) 1910

1908

In what year was the first American state workers compensation act passed a) 1910 b) 1911 c)1913 d)1915

1911

this American federal act was the first know legal adoption of standards for allowable concentrations of chemicals in workplace air a) OHSA b) mining Act c) Walsh-healey Public Contract Act d) Roosevelt New Deal Act

c) Walsh-healey Public Contract Act

The most well known OEls are established by a) NIOSH b) OSHA C) ANSI d) ACGIH

ACGIH

The ACGIH TLVs a) protect all workers b) are developed by consensus c) are science based d) are a legal standard for what is safe

are science based

If three of the following are said to be exposure limits for chemical X, which one is likely to be the ceiling limit a) 1000ppm b) 100ppm c) 50ppm d)10ppm

1000ppm

The definition of the ACGIH TLV_STELs refer to certain health effects that must be avoided. these do not include a) irritation b) chronic or irreversible tissue damage c) serious narcosis d) carcinogenicity

carcinogenicity

Which organization is widely recognized around the world as setting exposure limits for ionizing radiation a) ACGIH b) National Intitute for Occupational Safety and health c) American National standards Intitute d) International commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP)

International commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP)

Which is not an agent ACGIH sets standards for a) chemicals b) ionizing radiation c) non-ionizing radiation d) thermal stress

ionizing radiation

Which is not one of the main forms in which chemicals are present in the workplace a) mists b) fibers c) vapours d) gasses

fibers

Chemical scause two main kinds of health effects a) dermatoses and cancer b) external and internal c) local effects and poisoning d) systematic and tissue

local effects and poisoning

Who said it is the dose only that makes a thing not a poison a) Aristotle b) Paracelsus c) Florence Nightingale d) Medic

Paracelsus

a dose response curve illustrating acute toxicity usually has a) a s-shaped or sigmoidal curve b) a straight line at about a 45 degree angle c) and elliptical curve d) a bell-shaped curve

a s-shaped or sigmoidal curve

f the dose response curves of three chemicals are shown on the same graph, the one which intersects the xaxis (dose) at the lowest dose is a) innocuous b) lethal c) the most poisonous d) without a threshold level

c) the most poisonous

the most common type of LD 50 test involves a) chimpanzees b) poison gas delivered to a plexiglass cage c) an oral dose d) skin application

c) an oral dose

For any given chemical, a high LD 50 value generally means a) carcinogenicity b) low toxicity c) high toxicity d) nothing - much more needs to be known

low toxicity