Process of Evolution: MUTATION Flashcards
These are changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
May occur in somatic cells (aren’t passed to offspring)
May occur in gametes (eggs & sperm) and be passed to offspring
MUTATIONS
Which of these statements are true?
A. Mutations happen regularly
B. Almost all mutations are neutral
C. Chemicals & UV radiation cause mutations
D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Many mutations are repaired by ________.
enzymes
Some type of skin cancers and leukemia result from ______________.
somatic mutations
What are the types of mutations?
CHROMOSOME mutations
GENE mutations
Types of CHROMOSOME Mutations
Deletion
Inversion
Translocation
Nondisjunction
Duplication
The type of mutation in which it may involve changing the structure of a chromosome
and the loss or gain of part of a chromosome
CHROMOSOME mutations
Type of CHROMOSOME mutation that is due to breakage (a piece of a chromosome is lost)
Deletion
Type of CHROMOSOME mutation wherein:
Chromosome segment breaks off
Segment flips around backwards
Segment reattaches
Inversion
Type of CHROMOSOME mutation that cccurs when a gene sequence is repeated
Duplication
Type of CHROMOSOME mutation that involves two chromosomes that aren’t homologous, and part of one chromosome is transferred to another chromosomes
Translocation
Type of CHROMOSOME mutation that involves failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis; it causes gamete to have too many or too few chromosomes
Nondisjunction
Type of mutation that involves:
- Change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene
- May only involve a single nucleotide
- May be due to copying errors, chemicals, viruses
GENE mutation
Types of Gene Mutations
Point Mutations
Substitutions
Insertions
Deletions
Frameshift
Type of GENE mutation that involves change of a single nucleotide and Includes the deletion, insertion, or substitution of ONE nucleotide in a gene
Point Mutation
Type of GENE mutation that involves:
- Inserting or deleting one or more nucleotides
- Changes the “reading frame” like changing a sentence
- Proteins built incorrectly
Frameshift
