process of conception Flashcards
unilateral pain felt on either side of the abdomen
- Mittelschmerz
stretchy, thin, transparent, and watery mucus secretion
- Spinnbarkeit
other name for fertilization
Conception/Fecundation/Impregnation
Refractory period
Resolution
painful menstruation
Dysmenorrhea:
Dysmenorrhea Management
: give analgesics as prescribed
: offer warm compress
: provide emotional support
absence of menses
Amenorrhea
: infrequent menstrual flow
Oligomenorrhea
scanty menstrual flow
Hypomenorrhea:
heavy and prolonged menses
Menorrhagia / hypermenorrhea
bleeding in between menses
Metrorrhagia
bleeding at frequent intervals
Polymenorrhea
Menopause or
Climacterium
cessation of menses
Menopause
hormones become imbalanced (34-36 years old)
Perimenopause
year after; loss of estrogen
Post-menopause
From ovulation to fertilization
Ovum
from fertilization to implantation
Zygote
from implantation to 8 weeks
embryo
from 8weeks until term
fetus
developing embryo or fetus and placental structures throughout pregnancy
conceptus
Ovum surrounded by ?
zona pellucida and corona radiate
containg how many chromosomes
23
average of how many sperm per ejaculation?
400m
Normal sperm count
20 -120 million per ML
beginning of pregnancy
coitus
removal of CHON layer that coats the head of the spermatozoa
Capacitation
enzyme needed to disintegrate the ________ of egg cell
corona radiata
An enzyme which dissolves the portion of the ovum’s Zona pellucida
Acrosin
- Mature ovum is capable of being fertilized for
12-24 hours after ovulation
- Normal life span of sperms
7 days
implantation also called
Nidation
when there are already about 16 blastomeres, it is now termed a
Morula
When there is already a cavity formed in the morula, it is now called a
blastocyst
2 types of trophoblasts
- Cytotrophoblasts
- Syncytiotrophoblast
Langhan’s Layer
Cytotrophoblasts
believed to protect the fetus against Treponema Pallidum (etiologic agent of syphilis). Present only during the second trimester of pregnancy.
Langhan’s Layer
Endometrium becomes
Decidua
The layer where implantation takes place. It will later form the maternal side of the placenta
Decidua Basalis
The layer which encloss the blastocyst after implantation. At about 4th month of gestation, when the gestational ring grows large enough to occupy the entire uterine cavity, the space
between the decidua vera and decidua capsularis fuses together
Decidua Capsularis
1.1 Umbilical cord/funis contained
two arteries and one vein
1.2 Amniotic fluid Produced at a rate of
500 ml 24 hours
Placenta originated from?
Chorionik villi and Decidua Basalis
more than 1500 ml of amniotic fluid
polyhydramnios
amniotic fluid less than 500 ml
oligohydramnios
can cause uterine contraction
Estrogen
relaxes the uterus
Progesterone
Normal Amniotic Fluid
800-1200 ml
Protects the fetus and controls the temperature
Amniotic Fluid
Support symmetrical Growth
Amniotic fluid
Prevents compression of the Cord
Wharton’s jelly
develops into the lining of the GIT, the respiratory tract, tonsils, thyroid (for basal metabolism), parathyroid (for calcium metabolism), thymus gland (for development of immunity), bladder and urethra
1.1 Entoderm
forms into the supporting structures of the body (connective tissues, cartilage muscles and tendons); heart, circulatory system, blood cells, reproductive system, kidneys, and ureters
1.2 Mesoderm
responsible for the formation of the nervous system, the skin, hair and nails, and the mucous membrane of the anus and mouth.
1.3 Ectoderm
Post-menopause: year after; loss of estrogen
- s/sx:
hot flushes, sweating even when environment is cold, insomnia, forgetfulness, atrophy of reproductive organ, dyspareunia, loss of breast mass
Post-menopause
Management
Estrogen Replacement Therapy
