Process Facilities - Part A Flashcards

1
Q

What raw material is used to produce caustic soda?

A

Electrolytic decomposition of sodium chloride in a chlor-alkali plant.

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2
Q

What is the process called in which compounds found in crude oil are separated into various constituents?

A

Fractionation.

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3
Q

Where would stainless steel piping materials be used in place of plastic piping with equal corrosion resistance?

A

In process with lower or higher temperature or pressure than plastic piping can withstand.

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4
Q

Why are the processes of thermal cracking, alkylation, and catalytic reforming used in an oil refinery?

A

To increase the yield of lighter, more valuable fractions such as gasoline, kerosene, and light fuel.

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5
Q

Other than freeze protection, what use does glycol have in a gas processing plant?

A

In large plants, it is used to dehydrate gas streams of volumes of water.

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6
Q

What do scrubbers remove from the gas stream in a gas processing facility?

A

Sour gas and other gases such as H2S, CO2, COS, CS2, and mercatpan from feed gas streams.

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7
Q

What is the primary use of nitrogen produced by the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen process?

A

The production of ammonia.

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8
Q

What are the various dehydration processes employed in a gas plant?

A

Glycol process, refrigeration process, and solid desiccant process.

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9
Q

What undesirable components of crude oil are removed from the feedstock in one of the first processes in an oil refinery.

A

Salts, waxes, suspended or dissolved solids, water content, and sulfur.

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the catalytic reactor used in the Claus process for a gas plant?

A

The catalytic reactor converts hot sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur vapor.

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11
Q

What is the major difference between a topping refinery and a hydro-skimming refinery?

A

Hydro-skimming refineries use hydro-treating and reforming units to produce distillate fuel and high octane gasoline.

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12
Q

Why do conversion refineries employ process units such as catalytic cracking and hydro-cracking sections as well as olefin conversion sections and coking units?

A

To reduce or eliminate the production of residual fuel and increase the production of light fuel and petrochemicals.

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13
Q

What is another name for fractional distillation as employed in an oil refinery?

A

Atmospheric distillation.

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14
Q

What form of energy is used in a refinery to separate saltwater from primary feedstock in a desalting drum?

A

Electrical energy.

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15
Q

How does super fractionation equipment differ from atmospheric distillation equipment?

A

Super fractionation equipment has smaller diameter columns and a larger number of trays, 100 or more, to isolate a narrow range of products or high purity solvents or aromatic compounds for petrochemicals.

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