Procedures - Head, Spine Pelvis Flashcards
What central ray angulation is used for an AP axial outlet
projection Taylor method) of the pelvis for a male patient?
20-35 degrees caudad
20-30 degrees cephalad
30-45 degrees caudad
30-45 degrees cephalad
20-30 degrees cephalad
For an AP axial outlet projection Taylor method) of the pelvis, the central
ray is angled 2035 degrees cephalad for male patients to project the
pubic bones and ischium without superimposition. The 3045 degree
cephalic angulation is used for female patients
In the AP axial outlet projection Taylor method) for a female
patient, what is the appropriate central ray angulation?
15-20 degrees cephalad
15-20 degrees caudad
30-45 degrees cephalad
30=45 degrees caudad
30-45 degrees cephalad
For a female patient, the appropriate central ray angulation for the AP axial outlet projection (Taylor method) is 30-45 degrees cephalad. This angle allows for clear visualization of the pubic and ischial bones.
In the AP oblique Judet method) projection of the
acetabulum, how is the patient positioned to demonstrate
the anterior rim of the acetabulum?
Supine with the affected side elevated 45 degrees
Supine with the affected side down 45 degrees
Prone with the affected side elevated 45 degrees
Prone with the affected side down 45 degrees
Supine with the affected side down 45 degrees
To demonstrate the anterior rim of the acetabulum using the AP oblique
Judet method) projection, the patient is positioned supine with the
affected side down 45 degrees. This oblique position provides a clear
view of the anterior rim and the ilioischial column. Answer option A would demonstrate the posterior rim.
Which three of the following statements about the second
cervical vertebra are correct? Select three)
Instead of a body, the second cervical vertebra has two lateral
masses
The second cervical vertebra has no transverse foramina
The second cervical vertebra is also called the axis
The zygapophyseal joints between the first and second cervical
vertebrae are best seen on an anteroposterior AP open mouth
projection
There is a large conical process of bone called the dens
projecting superiorly on the anterior portion of the bone
The second cervical vertebra is also called the axis
The zygapophyseal joints between the first and second cervical
vertebrae are best seen on an anteroposterior AP open mouth
projection
There is a large conical process of bone called the dens
projecting superiorly on the anterior portion of the bone
Which of the following is an important consideration when
performing a cross-table lateral cervical spine radiograph on
a patient with suspected spinal trauma?
Increasing kVp to penetrate the cervical collar
Positioning the patient in a seated position
Ensuring proper CR alignment to avoid grid cut-off
Placing traction on the patient’s shoulders
Ensuring proper CR alignment to avoid grid cut-off
Proper alignment of the central ray is critical in avoiding grid cut-off,
which can compromise image quality. This is particularly important in trauma settings where precise imaging is needed to assess potential spinal injuries accurately.
When performing an LPO or RPO projection of the cervical
spine to demonstrate the intervertebral foramina, which
positioning steps should be followed?
Supine, head and body rotated 45 degrees, CR angled 1520
degrees caudad
Prone, head and body rotated 45 degrees, CR angled 1520 degrees
caudad
Erect, head and body rotated 45 degrees, CR angled 1520
degrees cephalad
Erect, head and body rotated 45 degrees, CR angled 1520 degrees
caudad
Erect, head and body rotated 45 degrees, CR angled 1520
degrees cephalad
For a posterior oblique LPO or RPO projection of the cervical spine, erect is the preferred position, with the patient’s head and body rotated 45 degrees, and the central ray angled 1520 degrees cephalad. For
For an elderly patient with kyphosis requiring a thoracic
spine radiograph, which positioning modification should be
implemented?
Use a wedge filter
Perform the radiograph in a prone position
Utilize a supine position with the head elevated
Apply compression to the abdomen
Utilize a supine position with the head elevated
Utilizing a supine position with the head elevated helps accommodate
the patient’s kyphotic curve and ensures a better alignment of the spine for imaging. Using a wedge filter is not directly related to positioning modification. Performing the radiograph in a prone position and applying compression to the abdomen are not suitable adjustments for addressing kyphosis.
How many facial bones are there?
14
15
8
9
14
There are 14 facial bones: Inferior nasal conchae 2, Lacrimal bones 2,
Mandible 1, Maxilla 2, Nasal bones 2, Palatine bones 2, Vomer 1,
Zygomatic bones 2
Which organ(s) in the inner ear is responsible for equilibrium,
or balance?
Canaliculi
Cochlea
Malleus, incus, and stapes
Semicircular canals
Semicircular canals
The semicircular canals are three fluid-filled structures in the inner ear.
They are located at right angles to each other and provide information
about the orientation of the body. The term ‘canaliculi’ means
passageway or canal. The cochlea plays a vital role in the sense of
hearing and participates in the process of auditory transduction. The malleus, incus, and stapes are collectively known as the ossicles. They transfer sound vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear.
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Canaliculi
Cochlea
Malleus, incus, and stapes
A patient with Paget’s disease of the skull presents for an X
ray. How should the technologist adjust the exposure
settings?
Increase the kVp and mAs settings
Decrease the kVp and mAs
Increase the exposure time
No adjustment is needed
Increase the kVp and mAs settings
Increasing the kVp and mAs settings compensates for the increased
bone density in Paget’s disease, ensuring adequate penetration and
image quality. Decreasing kVp and mAs, using a lower grid ratio, or
increasing only the exposure time would not effectively address the
issue of dense bone structures.
For an AP oblique (Judet method) projection with the
affected side up, where should the central ray be directed?
2 inches above the iliac crest
2 inches below the iliac crest
2 inches above the ASIS
2 inches below the ASIS
2 inches below the ASIS
For an AP oblique (Judet method) projection with the affected side up,
the central ray should be directed 2 inches below the ASIS. This
positioning ensures proper visualization of the acetabulum and the iliopubic column.
The intervertebral articulations are considered to be what
type of joint?
Diarthroidial
Fibrous
Symphysis
Synovial
Symphysis
The intervertebral articulations are considered to be a symphysis type of joint. A symphysis is a type of cartilaginous, slightly movable joint,
consisting of a thick cartilaginous disk between two bones such as the
pubic symphysis and the intervertebral joints.
With which three of the following bones does the temporal
bone articulate? Select three
Frontal
Maxilla
Occipital
Parietal
Sphenoid
The temporal bone articulates with the parietal, occipital, and sphenoid
bones. The sphenoid bone is between the temporal and frontal bone.
The frontal bone is more anterior and articulates with the sphenoid,
ethmoid, and lacrimal bones in the orbit and with the frontal process of
the maxilla. The maxilla articulates with many of the facial bones and
with the frontal bone.
Which projection is most useful for evaluating the femoral
head and neck in a patient with suspected slipped capital
femoral epiphysis?
AP projection
Lateral frog-leg (modified Cleaves method) projection
PA axial oblique Teufel method) projection
AP axial inlet projection
Lateral frog-leg (modified Cleaves method) projection
The lateral frog-leg (modified Cleaves method) projection is most useful for evaluating the femoral head and neck in a patient with suspected slipped capital femoral epiphysis. This projection provides a clear lateral view of the femoral head and neck
