Procedures Final Exam Flashcards
Which of the following evaluation criteria is best demonstrated on PA chest radiograph? Choose all that apply.
a.) chin is elevated to prevent superimpositon of apices
b.) shoulders rotated forward to place scapula in the lung field
c.) both SC joints same distance from center line of spine
d.) motion on radiograph
e.) minimum of 10 posterior ribs above diaphragm
a.) chin is elevated to prevent superimposition of apices
c.) both SC joints same distance from center line of spine
e.) minimum of 10 posterior ribs above diaphragm
Which of the following should be clearly demonstrated on the scapular Y projection?
a.) humeral head and glenoid cavity superimposed
b.) humeral head in profile
c.) no superimposition of scapular body over bony thorax
d.) humeral shaft and scapular body superimposed
e.) acromion projected medially
f.) acromion projected laterally and free of superimposition
g.) coracoid superimposed or projected below the clavicle
h.) scapula in lateral profile with lateral vertebral borders superimposed
a.) humeral head and glenoid cavity superimposed
c.) no superimposition of scapular body superimposed
d.) humeral shaft and scapular body superimposed
f.) acromion projected laterally and free of superimposition
g.) coracoid superimposed or projected below the clavicle
h.) scapula in lateral profile with lateral vertebral borderes superimposed
Which of the following evaluation criteria should be demonstrated on the AP projection of the forearm? Choose all that apply.
a.) AP projection of entire radius and ulna
b.) minimum of proximal row of carpals
c.) distal humerus
d.) fat pads and stripes of wrist and elbow
a.) AP projection of entire radius and ulna
b.) minimum of proximal row of carpals
c.) distal humerus
d.) fat pads and stripes of wrist and elbow
Which of the following projections of the elbow will demonstrate the radial head and neck free of superimposition?
a.) AP projection, partial flexion
b.) AP oblique projection, medial rotation
c.) AP projection, acute flexion
d.) AP oblique projection, lateral rotation
d.) AP oblique projection, lateral rotation
Choose all that apply to the acronym AP:
a.) posteroanterior
b.) central ray enters anterior exits posterior
c.) AP projection is the correct position term
d.) anterior and posterior combines both terms into one
b.) central ray enters anterior exits posterior
c.) AP projection is the correct position term
d.) anterior and posterior combines both terms into one
Which of the following is evidence of a true 45 degree oblique on the PA oblique pojection of the wrist? Choose all that apply.
a.) ulnar head partially superimposed by distal radius
b.) proximal third through fifth metacarpals bases mostly superimposed
c.) equal distance on proximal metacarpals
d.) ulnar head and radius seperated
a.) ulnar head partially superimposed by distal radius
b.) proximal third through fifth metacarpals bases mostly superimposed
The joint found between the base of the third metacarpal and carpal bone is the:
a.) proximal metacarpophalangeal
b.) interphalangeal
c.) carpometacarpal
d.) intercarpal
c.) carpometacarpal
Evaluation Criteria:
What structures should be demonstrated on the inferosuperior axial projection?
a.) scapulohumeral joint with overlap
b.) coracoid process pointing anteriorly
c.) coracoid process pointing posteriorly
d.) lesser tubercle in profile and directed anteriorly
e.) greater tubercle in profile and directed anteriorly
f.) scapular spine seen below scapulohumeral joint
a.) scapulohumeral joint with overlap
b.) coracoid process pointing anteriorly
d.) lesser tubercle in profile and directed anteriorly
f.) scapular spine seen below scapulohumeral joint
For teh AP weight bearing feet projection, the CR should be:
a.) directed 5 degrees posteriorly
b.) directed horizontal
c.) angled 15 degrees posteriorly
d.) perpendicular to the image receptor
c.) angled 15 degrees posteriorly
Where is the central ray directed for the inferosuperior axial projection?
a.) horizontally through humerus
b.) horizontally through axilla and humeral head
b.) horizontally through axilla and humeral head
Which of the following evaluation criteria are demonstrated on the dorsal decubitus abdomen? Choose all that apply.
a.) diaphragm with as much abdomen as possible
b.) air filled loops of bowel with soft tissue detail in anterior abdomen
c.) bladder
d.) prevertebral regions
a.) diaphragm with as much abdomen as possible
b.) air filled loops of bowel with soft tissue detail in anterior abdomen
d.) prevertebral regions
The rounded head of the humerus fits into an oval depression on the lateral aspect of the scapula called the:
a.) acromion
b.) neck
c.) glenoid cavity
d.) lateral angle
c.) glenoid cavity
Which of the following apply to personel monitoring device? Choose all that apply.
a.) monitoring device may be left in hot car
b.) monitoring device should be worn at the neck at all times
c.) monitoring device can be placed on TV or microwave
d.) a second radiation monitoring device should be worn at the waist if the radiographer is pregnant
b.) monitoring device should be worn at the neck at all times
d.) a second radiation monitoring device should be worn at the waist if the radiographer is pregnant
What evidence demonstrates no rotation on the stretcher wrist projection?
a.) wrist obliqued slightly
b.) wrist obliqued laterally
c.) no rotation of the wrist, distal radius and ulna with minimal superimpositon of distal radioulnar joint
d.) radioulnar joint completely superimposed
c.) no rotation of the wrist, distal radius and ulna with minimal superimpostion of distal radioulnar joint
The thumb/first digit includes which parts? Choose all that apply.
a.) carpals
b.) distal
c.) middle
d.) proximal
b.) distal
d.) proximal
Which term best describes head higher than feet?
a.) fowlers
b.) trendelenburg
c.) lateral
d.) sims
a.) fowlers
Moving foot downward toward normal position is ____________.
a.) eversion
b.) plantar flexion
c.) inversion
d.) dorsiflexion
b.) plantar flexion
Where is the central ray dirrected on the 1st digit projections?
a.) DIP
b.) PIP
c.) MCP
d.) IP
c.) MCP
Which of the following evaluation criteria are demonstrated on supine abdomen? Choose all that apply.
a.) no rotation, iliac wings, obturator foramen
b.) ischial spines symmetric
c.) outer margin of ribs same distance from the spine
d.) rotation of ribs
a.) no rotation, iliac wings, obturator foramen
b.) ischial spines symmetric
c.) outer margin of ribs same distance from the spine
Which of the following evaluation criteria are demonstrated on PA hand projection? Choose all that apply.
a.) PA of entire wrist
b.) 1/2” of distal forearm
c.) 1” of distal forearm
d.) oblique view of the thumb
a.) PA of entire wrist
c.) 1” of distal forearm
d.) oblique view of the thumb
Which projection best demonstrates the following evaluation criteria?
1.) anatomy from toes to tarsals
2.) no motion of foot with equal space between second through fifth metatarsals
3.) overlap of second through fifth metatarsals
4.) axial projection with improving demonstration of IP, MTP, and TMT joint spaces
5.) open joint space between medial and intermediate cunieforms
a.) AP medial oblique foot
b.) AP lateral oblique foot
c.) lateral foot
d.) AP foot
d.) AP foot
In radiography the acronym ALARA means as low as reasonably acheivable.
a.) true
b.) false
a.) true
Which position of the hand will palce the humerus in internal rotation?
a.) back of the hand against the thigh
b.) supine
c.) prone
d.) palm against the thigh
a.) back of the hand against the thigh
Which of the following evaluation criteria should be demonstrated on the PA projection of the wrist?
a.) equal concavity seen on both sides of the shafts of the metacarpals
b.) near equal distance among proximal metacarpals
c.) seperation of distal radius and ulna
d.) ulnar head partially superimposed by radius
a.) equal concavity seen on both sides of the shafts of the metacarpals
b.) near equal distance among proximal metacarpals
c.) seperation of distal radius and ulna
Why is it important to have a minimum of two views? Choose all that apply.
a.) superimposition of anatomic structures
b.) small fractures and or tumors may not be seen only on one projection
c.) localization of foreign body or lesions
d.) none of the above
a.) superimpositon of anatomic structures
b.) small fractures and or tumors may not be seen only on one projection
c.) localization of foreign body or lesions
Choose all that apply to palpation.
a.) use fingertips
b.) apply light pressure
c.) must be done gently
d.) patient should always be informed before palpation
a.) use fingertips
b.) apply light pressure
c.) must be done gently
d.) patient should always be informed before palpation
Which of the following best describes the CR on the AP chest projection?
a.) CR perpendicular to long axis of the sternum
b.) CR angled cephalad to chest
c.) CR angled caudad to be perpendicular with long axis of sternum
d.) CR angled caudad to lungs
c.) CR angled caudad to be perpendicular with long axis of sternum
Which of the following carpal bones are located on the proximal row? Choose all that apply.
a.) scaphoid
b.) trapezium
c.) lunate
d.) trapezoid
e.) triquetrum
f.) capitate
g.) pisiform
h.) hamate
a.) scaphoid
c.) lunate
e.) triquetrum
g.) pisiform
What is the correct CR for the scapular Y projection of the shoulder?
a.) scapulohumeral joint 2 inches below AC joint
b.) mid humerus
c.) mid scapula
d.) AC joint
a.) scapulohumeral joint 2 inches below AC joint
For an AP projection of the shoulder, the central ray should enter:
a.) 1 inch inferior to the acromion
b.) 1 inch inferior to the coracoid process
c.) 2 inches inferior to the acromion
d.) 2 inches inferior to the coracoid process
b.) 1 inch inferior to the coracoid process
Which of the following is shown in profile on the AP projection of the humerus?
a.) greater tubercle
b.) lesser tubercle
c.) glenoid cavity
d.) capitulum
a.) greater tubercle
Which of the following organs are located on the left side of the body? Choose all that apply.
a.) ascending colon
b.) descending colon
c.) spleen
d.) stomach
b.) descending colon
c.) spleen
d.) stomach
Which of the following digits can be rotated laterally for the medial oblique lateral projection? Choose all that apply.
a.) 2nd digits
b.) 3rd digits
c.) 4th digits
d.) 5th digits
b.) 3rd digits
c.) 4th digits
d.) 5th digits
On the partial flexion of the AP elbow two projections should be taken. One with _________ parallel and the other with the ___________ parallel.
a.) wrist, forearm
b.) forearm, shoulder
c.) forearm, humerus
d.) hand, wrist
c.) forearm, humerus
The acromial end of the clavicle articulates with the:
a.) sternal extremity of the clavicle
b.) glenoid cavity
c.) coracoid process
d.) acromion process of the scapula
d.) acromion process of the scapula
Which projections are best demonstrated on AP oblique wrist? Choose all that apply.
1.) entire toes, including distal ends of metatarsals
2.) toes seperated from each other
3.) no rotation of phalanges
4.) open IP and second through fifth MTP joint spaces
5.) first MTP joint not always open
6.) first MTP joint is always open
1, 2, 4, 5
Which of the following arm positions demonstrates the lesser tubercle in profile medially?
a.) external rotation
b.) internal rotation
c.) neutral rotation
d.) none of the above
b.) internal rotation
Which of the following evaluation criteria are best demonstrated on AP chest projections? Choose all that apply.
a.) heart appears larger due to increased magnification from shorter SID and increased OID
b.) pleural effusion obscures lung markings
c.) without horizontal beam fluid levels may not be seen
d.) inspiration may not be full
e.) only eight or nine ribs are seen above diaphragm
f.) lungs appear more dense
a.) heart appears larger due to increased magnification from shorter SID and increased OID
b.) pleural effusion obscures lung markings
c.) without horizontal beam fluid levels may not be seen
d.) inspiration may not be full
e.) only eight or nine ribs are seen above diaphragm
f.) lungs appear more dense
Where is the central ray directed on the AP projection of the forearm?
a.) distal forearm
b.) proximal forearm
c.) mid forearm
d.) closer to elbow joint
c.) mid forearm
Excessive overlap of the metacarpals indicates what patient position is incorrect on the PA oblique hand projection?
a.) under rotation
b.) over rotation
b.) over rotation
Which of the following evaluation criteria should be included on the lordotic chest projection? Choose all that apply.
a.) clavicles should be included
b.) entire lung fields
c.) only apices should be included
d.) clavicles should not be seen
a.) clavicles should be included
b.) entire lung fields
Where is the central ray directed for the scapular Y projection?
a.) perpendicular to scapulohumeral joint
b.) parallel to scapulohumeral joint
c.) CR angled 5 degrees toward the shoulder
d.) CR angled 10 degrees away from the shoulder
a.) perpendicular to scapulohumeral joint
Which of the following evaluation criteria should be demonstrated on the PA wrist projection?
a.) complete superimposition of the distal radioulnar joint
b.) distal radioulnar joint in oblique position
c.) slight superimposition of radioulnar joint
d.) radioulnar joint superimposed
c.) slight superimposition of radioulnar joint
Which of the following evaluation criteria are demonstrated on the PA projection of the wrist? Choose all that apply.
a.) proximal metacarpals
b.) carpals
c.) distal radius and ulna
d.) soft tissue of carpal bones
a.) proximal metacarpals
b.) carpals
c.) distal radius and ulna
d.) soft tissue of carpal bones
Which position of the hand will place the humerus in neutral position?
a.) back of the hand against the thigh
b.) prone
c.) supine
d.) palm against the thigh
d.) palm against the thigh
Which of the following part positions should be demonstrated on the AP projection of the forearm?
a.) medial and lateral condyles should be same distance from IR
b.) medial and lateral condyles should be slightly obliqued to the IR
c.) medial and lateral epicondyles should be same distance from IR
d.) medial and lateral epicondyles should be obliqued from IR
c.) medial and lateral epicondyles should be same distance from IR
What is the articulations between the five proximal phalanges and the five metatarsals called?
a.) distal interphalngeal joints
b.) proximal interphalangeal joints
c.) metatarsophalangeal joints
d.) phalangeal joints
c.) metatarsophalangeal joints
Which of the following carpal bones are located on the distal row?
a.) scaphoid
b.) trapezium
c.) lunate
d.) trapezoid
e.) triquetrum
f.) capitate
g.) pisiform
h.) hamate
b.) trapezium
d.) trapezoid
f.) capitate
h.) hamate
What should be demonstrated on the grashey method?
a.) closed joint spaces
b.) open joint space between humeral head and glenoid cavity
c.) glenoid cavity in profile
d.) glenoid cavity not in profile
e.) glenoid cavity in profile only
c.) glenoid cavity in profile
Which of the following evaluation criteria should demonstrate the correct 45 degree obliquity on the PA oblique projection of the hand? Choose all that apply.
a.) midshafts of metacarpals should not be overlapped
b.) some overlap of distal heads of 3rd, 4th and 5th metacarpals
c.) no overlap of distal 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
d.) MCP and IP joints open without foreshortening of midphalanges or distal phalanges
a.) midshafts of metacarpals should not be overlapped
b.) some overlap of distal heads of 3rd, 4th adn 5th metacarpals
c.) no overlap of distal 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
d.) MCP and IP joints open without foreshortening of midphalanges or distal phalanges
What is the main purposes for obtaining an upright abdomen projection? Choose all that apply.
a.) looking for free air
b.) to look ath the bladder
c.) looking for air fluid levels
d.) to better visualize the colon
a.) looking for free air
c.) looking for air fluid levels
Which of the following part positions should be placed in the true lateral position of the forearm?
a.) rotate elbow
b.) rotate hand and wrist
c.) oblique hand and wrist
d.) oblique elbow
b.) rotate hand and wrist
If the patient cannot elevate the unaffected shoulder for a transthoracic lateral projection of the proximal humerus, the central ray should be angled:
a.) 15 to 20 degrees cephlad
b.) 5 to 10 degrees cephalad
c.) 20 to 25 degrees caudad
d.) 10 to 15 degrees cephalad
d.) 10 to 15 degrees cephalad
Which of the following are true ragarding RPO? Choose all that apply.
a.) body part closer to IR
b.) referred to as AP Obliques
c.) CR enters anterior exits posterior
d.) CR enters posterior and exits anterior
a.) body part closer to IR
b.) referred to as AP obliques
c.) CR enters anterior and exits posterior
Which of the following evaluation criteria should be demonstrated on AP Lordotic chest projection? Choose all that apply.
a.) clavicles should be above apices
b.) medial aspect of clavicles seperimposed by first ribs
c.) posterior ribs will appear horizontal
d.) sternal ends of clavicles same distance from vertebral column
a.) clavicles should be above apices
b.) medial aspect of clavicles superimposed by first ribs
c.) posterior ribs will appear horizontal
d.) sternal ends of clavicles same distance from vertebral column
Which of the following evaluation criteria are best demonstrated on the lateral chest projection? Choose all that apply.
a.) entire lungs
b.) sternum anteriorly to posterior ribs and thorax posterior
c.) posterior ribs and costophrenic angle on side away from IR
d.) chin and arms should be down
a.) entire lungs
b.) sternum anteriorly to posterior ribs and thorax posterior
c.) posterior ribs and costophrenic angle on side away from IR
Which structure or bone contains the sustentaculum tali?
a.) base of the fifth metatarsals
b.) talus
c.) calcaneus
d.) tibia
c.) calcaneus
The hand and wrist should be in true lateral position for the lateral hand projection. What evidence shows true lateral position? Choose all that apply.
a.) metacarpals superimposed
b.) distal radius and ulna superimposed
c.) metacarpals slightly superimposed
d.) radius and ulna slightly superimposed
a.) metacarpals superimposed
b.) distal radius and ulna superimposed
Each of the four digits/fingers are composed of what parts? Choose all that apply.
a.) distal
b.) middle
c.) proximal
d.) carpals
a.) distal
b.) middle
c.) proximal
Each digit has two or three seperate small bones called ______________.
a.) sesamoid
b.) metacarpals
c.) phalanges
d.) base
c.) phalanges
Which of the following terms best describes head lower than feet?
a.) fowlers
b.) trenelenburg
c.) sims
d.) AP
b.) trendelenburg
Which of the following evaluation criteria should be demonstrated on the ulnar deviation of the wrist? Choose all that apply.
a.) distal radius and ulna
b.) carpals and proximal metacarpals
c.) no rotation of distal radius and ulna
d.) minimal superimposition of distal radioulnar joint
a.) distal radius and ulna
b.) carpals and proximal metacarpals
c.) no rotation of distal radius and ulna
d.) minimal superimposition of distal radioulnar joint
Proximal refers to _________ the source.
a.) closer
b.) farther
c.) medial
d.) lateral
a.) closer
What does digits 2-5 have that the thumb/1st digit does not have?
a.) distal
b.) proximal
c.) middle
c.) middle
Why should the forearm not be radiographed in the prone position?
a.) radius and ulna should be crossed
b.) radius and ulna should be in oblique position
c.) radius and ulna should not be crossed
d.) radius and ulna should be seperated at elbow joint only
c.) radius and ulna should not be crossed
Which of the following evaluation criteria are evidence of no rotation on AP forearm projection? Choose all that apply.
a.) humeral epicondyles in profile
b.) radial head, neck and tuberosity slightly superimposed by ulna
c.) humeral condyles in profile
d.) radial head and neck and tuberosity should be superimposed by radius
a.) humeral epicondyles in profile
b.) radial head, neck and tuberosity slightly superimposed by ulna
How many degrees is the body rotated for the AP oblique projection (grashey method) of the shoulder joint?
a.) 35 to 45 degrees away from the affected side
b.) 35 to 45 degrees toward the affected side
c.) 20 degrees toward the affected side
d.) 20 degrees away from the affected side
b.) 35 to 45 degrees toward the affected side
Moving foot and toes upward is ____________.
a.) plantar flexion
b.) dorsiflexion
c.) eversion
d.) inversion
b.) dorsiflexion
Where is the central ray directed for PA chest projection?
a.) T2
b.) T4
c.) T6
d.) T7
d.) T7
Which of the following terms describes lying on back and facing upward?
a.) prone
b.) PA
c.) erect
d.) supine
d.) supine
Breathing technique can be used on the transthoracic lateral projection. What is the exposure time that should be used? Choose all that apply.
a.) 1 second
b.) 3 seconds
c.) 4 to 5 seconds
d.) low MA
b.) 3 seconds
c.) 4 to 5 seconds
d.) low MA
What makes up the scapular Y projection?
a.) body of the scapula forms the vertical componeent of the Y
b.) coracoid only
c.) acromion and coracoid make up the top of the scapular Y
d.) humeral head
a.) body of the scapula forms the vertical component of the Y
c.) acromion and coracoid make up the top of the scapular Y
What is the correct part position on the stretcher method of the wrist?
a.) 5 degree CR angle
b.) 10 degree CR angle
c.) 20 degree central ray
d.) 20 degree angle sponge
d.) 20 degree angle sponge
Which of the following evaulation criteria are demonstrated on the lateral projection of the hand? Choose all that apply.
a.) entire hand and wrist
b.) 1/2” of distal forearm
c.) 1” distal forearm
d.) fingers should appear equally seperated
a.) entire hand and wrist
c.) 1” distal forearm
d.) fingers should appear equally seperated
What is the central ray if directed on the internal and external projections of the shoulder?
a.) 2” inferior to coracoid process
b.) 1.5” inferior to coracoid process
c.) 1” inferior to coracoid process
d.) 3” inferior to coracoid process
c.) 1” inferior to coracoid process
Which of the following evaluation criteria should be demonstrated on the lateral projection of the forearm? Choose all that apply.
a.) lateral projection of entire radius and ulna
b.) proximal row of carpals
c.) elbow
d.) distal humerus
a.) lateral projection of entire radius and ulna
b.) proximal row of carpals
c.) elbow
d.) distal humerus
The term distal means ___________ from the source.
a.) closer
b.) away
c.) lateral
d.) medial
b.) away
Which of the following refers to caudad? Choose all that apply.
a.) toward patient head
b.) toward patient feet
c.) superior
d.) inferior
b.) toward patient feet
d.) inferior
Which of the following are best demonstrated on the lateral projection of the chest? Choose all that apply.
a.) patient erect, left side against IR
b.) arms raised above head
c.) chin up
d.) central ray is centered to midthorax at T7
a.) patient erect, left side against IR
b.) arms raised above head
c.) chin up
d.) central ray is centered to midthorax at T7
Which of the following evaluation criteria should be demonstrated on the stretcher method of the wrist? Choose all that apply.
a.) distal radius and ulna
b.) carpals and proximal metacarpals
c.) carpals on radial side are more visible
d.) schaphoid shown without foreshortening or superimposition
a.) distal radius and ulna
b.) carpals and proximal metacarpals
c.) carpals on radial side are more visible
d.) schaphoid shown without foreshortening or superimposition
Which of the following breathing techniques should be used for an AP projection of the humerus?
a.) shallow breathing
b.) full inspiration
c.) full expiration
d.) suspended respiration
d.) suspended respiration
Which of the following evauluation criteria are demonstrated on the upright abdomen projection? Choose all that apply.
a.) air filled stomach
b.) loops of bowel
c.) air fluid levels
d.) small cresent shaped air bubble under right hemidiaphragm
a.) air filled stomach
b.) loops of bowel
c.) air fluid levels
d.) small crescent shaped air bubble under right hemidiaphragm
The term medial means:
Choose all that apply.
a.) inside
b.) thumb side of hand
c.) pinky side of hand
d.) outside
a.) inside
c.) pinky side of hand
Bases of the first and second metatarsals superimposed on ____________ and ______________.
a.) medial and intermediate
b.) intermediate and lateral
c.) lateral and cuboid
d.) navicular and cuboid
a.) medial and intermediate
Which projection/projections will demonstrate an open glenohumeral joint space?
1.) inferosuperior axial shoulder projection
2.) transthoracic lateral shoulder projection
3.) AP oblique shoulder projection (grashey method)
4.) PA oblique scapular Y shoulder projection
a.) 1 and 3 only
b.) 2 and 3 only
c.) 1, 2, 3 and 4
d.) 1 only
a.) 1 and 3 only
How many degrees is the body rotated for the AP oblique projection (grashey method) of the shoulder joint?
a.) 20 degrees toward the affected side
b.) 35 to 45 degrees toward the affected side
c.) 20 degrees awy from the affected side
d.) 35 to 45 degrees away from the affected side
b.) 35 to 45 degrees toward the affected side
Where is the central ray directed on the 1st digit projection?
a.) DIP
b.) PIP
c.) MCP
d.) IP
c.) MCP
Which term describes cephalad? Choose all that apply.
a.) angle toward patient head
b.) angle toward patient feet
c.) superior
d.) inferior
a.) angle toward the patient head
c.) superior
Which of the following evaluation criteria should be demonstrated on the PA oblique projection of the wrist? Choose all that apply.
a.) distal radius and ulna
b.) carpal bones
c.) mid carpal area
d.) trapezium and scaphoid well visulaized
e.) slight superimposition of other carpals in their medial aspect
a.) distal radius and ulna
b.) carpal bones
c.) mid carpal area
d.) trapezium and scaphoid well visualized
e.) slight superimposition of other carpals in their medial aspect
What is the correct CR for the inferosuperior projection of the shoulder?
a.) perpendicular
b.) parallel
c.) medially 25 to 30 degrees to humeral head
d.) laterally 25 to 35 degrees to elbow
c.) medially 25 to 30 degrees to humeral head
Where should the CR be centered for upright erect abdomen?
a.) at the level of iliac crest
b.) 1’’ above iliac crest
c.) 2” above iliac crest
d.) 2” below iliac crest
c.) 2 inches above iliac crest
What is the main purpose for placing the second digit in the mediolateral projection?
a.) increased OID
b.) decrease OID
c.) no real reason
d.) patient comfort
b.) decrease OID
Why is the lordotic position used in specific AP chest projection?
a.) demonstrates apices of the lung
b.) demonstrates mid lung
c.) demonstrates base of lung
d.) demonstrates costophrenic angles
a.) demonstrates apices of the lung
Which position of the foot will best demonstrate the lateral (third) cuneiform?
a.) mediolateral projection
b.) AP oblique with lateral rotation
c.) AP oblique with medial rotation
d.) AP projection
c.) AP oblique with medial rotation
Where is the central ray directed on digits 2-5?
a.) DIP joint
b.) PIP joint
c.) MCP joint
d.) IP joint
b.) PIP joint
Which of the following statement best describes anatomic position?
a.) recumbent position, arms abducted down, palms forward, head and feet turned straight ahead
b.) upright position, arms adducted, dorsal portion of hand forward, head and feet turned straight
c.) upright position, arms abducted down, palms forward, head and feet directed straight ahead
d.) upright position, arms abducted down, palms forward, head and feet turned to the right side
c.) upright position, arms abduted down, palms forward, head and feet directed straight ahead
Which of the following joints should be included on the AP and lateral forearm projections? Choose all that apply.
a.) elbow
b.) hand
c.) wrist
d.) 1/2 inch distal humerus
a.) elbow
c.) wrist
Which of the following evaluation criteria are best visualized with 60 degree LAO chest projection? Choose all that apply.
a.) air filled trachea
b.) great vessels
c.) heart outline
d.) hilum
a.) air filled trachea
b.) great vessels
c.) heart outline
Which term describes bending spine forward?
a.) extension
b.) flexion
c.) medial
d.) lateral
b.) flexion
Which of the following acronyms are correct when referring to anterior obliques? Choose all that apply.
a.) RPO
b.) LAO
c.) LPO
d.) RAO
b.) LAO
d.) RAO
What evaluation criteria should be demonstrated on the grashey method of the shoulder? Choose all that apply.
a.) glenoid cavity superimposed
b.) glenoid cavity free of superimposition
c.) scapulohumeral joint closed by humerus
d.) scapulohumeral joint open
b.) glenoid cavity free of superimposition
d.) scapulohumeral joint open
Choose all that apply to lateral decubitus:
a.) patient lies on side
b.) AP or PA projection
c.) named according to the side up
d.) named according to the side down
a.) Patient lies on side
b.) AP or PA projection
d.) named according to side down
Which projection best demonstrates navicular, lateral cuneiform, and cuboid with less superimposition.
a.) ap foot
b.) medial oblique foot
c.) lateral oblique foot
d.) lateral foot
b.) medial oblique foot
What is the correct respiration for supine abdomen?
a.) at the end of second inspiration
b.) hold breathe
c.) at the end of expiration
d.) breathe normally
c.) at the end of expiration
The metacarpals articulate with the distal end of the phalanges called ___________.
a.) DIP
b.) PIP
c.) MCP
d.) CMC
c.) MCP
Which of the following is shown in profile on a lateral projection of the humerus?
a.) greater tubercle
b.) lesser tubercle
c.) glenoid cavity
d.) capitulum
b.) lesser tubercle
Which of the following best describes transthoracic lateral projection? Choose all that apply.
a.) lateral projection through the thorax
b.) right and left lateral projection
c.) used on transthoracic shoulders
d.) indicated by which shoulder is firtherest away from IR
a.) lateral projection through the thorax
b.) right and left lateral projection
c.) used on transthoracic shoulders
For the inferosuperior axial shoulder projection,
1.) the patients shoulder is elevated on a sponge or washcloth
2.) the patients head is tilted and rotated toward the affected shoulder
3.) the patients affecteda rm is externally rotated
4.) lesser tubercle in profile and directed anteriorly
a.) 2 and 3 only
b.) 1, 3 and 4 only
c.) 1 and 2 only
d.) 1, 2, 3 and 4
b.) 1, 3 and 4 only
Which of the following best describes the reason lordotic chest radiographs are ordered by a physician?
a.) no special reason
b.) place clavicles well above the apices of the lungs. In order to rule out masses or calcifications under the clavicles
c.) place clavicles down into the lungs
d.) see diaphragm
b.) place clavicles well above the apices of the lungs. In order to rule out masses or calcifications under the clavicles
How should arm be placed for the glenoid cavity projection of the shoulder?
a.) externally
b.) internally
c.) neutral
d.) arm straight up in the air
c.) neutral
Lying down in any position best describes which term?
a.) recumbent
b.) standing in RPO
c.) standing in lateral position
d.) erect
a.) recumbent
How should the epicondyles be placed for the lateral position of the shoulder?
a.) 30 degrees
b.) 45 degrees
c.) parallel
d.) perpendicular
d.) perpendicular
Choose all that apply to anatomic marker placement (including extremities).
a.) mark right side
b.) mark left side
c.) marker should be placed on patients lateral side
d.) every image should be marked correctly
a.) mark right side
b.) mark left side
c.) marker should be placed on patients lateral side
d.) every image should be marked correctly
Which arm should be raised for the transthoracic lateral projection?
a.) affected arm
b.) unaffected arm
b.) unaffected arm
Which projection best demonstrates the following:
1.) entire toes, including distal ends of metatarsals
2.) toes seperated from each other
3.) no rotation of phalanges
4.) open IP and MTP joint spaces
a.) AP medial oblique projection
b.) AP lateral oblique projection
c.) AP or AP axial projection
d.) lateral toe projection
c.) AP or AP axial projection
The capitulum of the humerus articulates with the:
a.) ulnar coracoid process
b.) radial head
c.) trochlea
d.) lateral epicondyle
b.) radial head
Which of the following projections of the elbow will demonstrate the olecranon processwithin the olecranon fossa?
a.) AP, acute flexion
b.) AP oblique, lateral rotation
c.) AP oblique, medial rotation
d.) AP, partial flexion
c.) AP oblique, medial rotation
Which of the following is demonstrated free of superimposition on an AP oblique projection of the elbow in lateral rotation?
a.) radial head and neck
b.) olecranon process
c.) capitulum
d.) trochlea
a.) radial head and neck
Situation: A patient enters the ER with a midshaft humeral fracture. The AP projection taken on the cart demonstrates another fracture near the surgical neck of the humerus. The patient is unable to stand or rotatethe humerus due to the extent of the trauma. What other projection should be taken for this patient?
a.) scapular Y lateral- AP oblique projection
b.) rotational lateral projection for humerus
c.) horizontal beam transthoracic lateral projection for humerus
d.) apical oblique projection
c.) horizontal beam transthoracic lateral projection for humerus
For the coyle method the central ray is directed ____________ the shoulder for the ___________.
a.) radial head; elbow
b.) coranoid; elbow
c.) toward; radial head
d.) away; coranoid
c.) toward; radial head
Which of the following is the correct CR level and inches for AP projection of the chest?
a.) CR level T3 and 7’’ below jugular notch
b.) CR level T4 and 3’’ below jugular notch
c.) CR level T7 and 7’’ to 8’’ below jugular notch
d.) CR level T7 and 3’’ to 4’’ below jugular notch
d.) CR level T7 and 3’’ to 4’’ below jugular notch
Where is the central ray directed for the supine abdomen projection?
a.) perpendicular to level of iliac crest
b.) 2’’ above iliac crest
c.) 1’’ above iliac crest
d.) 1’’ below iliac crest
a.) perpendicular to level of iliac crest
Which of the following evaluation criteria are best visualized with 60 degree LAO chest projection? Choose all that apply.
a.) great vessels
b.) heart outline
c.) air filled trachea
a.) great vessels
b.) heart outline
c.) air filled trachea
What is the correct obliquity for PA oblique hand projection?
a.) 10 degrees
b.) 20 degrees
c.) 30 degrees
d.) 45 degrees
d.) 45 degrees
Which of the following evaluation criteria should be demonstrated on oblique thumb? Choose all that apply.
a.) distal phalynx
b.) proximal phalynx
c.) first metacarpal
d.) trapezium
e.) DIP joint is open
f.) IP joint is open
g.) MCP joint is open
a.) distal phalynx
b.) proximal phalynx
c.) first metacarpal
d.) trapezium
e.) IP joint is open
g.) MCP joint is open
Where is the central ray directed on digits 2-5?
a.) PIP joint
b.) DIP joint
c.) MCP joint
d.) IP joint
a.) PIP joint
For an AP projection of the shoulder with the arm in a neutral position, the epicondyles of the humerus should be:
a.) 60 degrees with the plane of the IR
b.) 45 degrees with the plane of the IR
c.) perpendilcular with the plane of the IR
d.) parallel with the place of the IR
b.) 45 degrees with the plane of the IR
Which of the following evaluation criteria should be demonstrated on the lateral projection of the forearm? Choose all that apply.
a.) elbow flexed 90 degrees
b.) ulnar head superimposed over the radius
c.) humeral epicondyles superimposed
d.) humeral condyles superimposed
e.) radial head superimposed over coronoid process
f.) radial tuberosity demonstrated
a.) elbow flexed 90 degrees
b.) ulnar head superimposed over the radius
c.) humeral epicondyles superimposed
e.) radial head superimposed over coronoid process
f.) radial tuberosity demonstrated
Which of the following digits should be placed in the mediolateral for the lateral projection?
a.) 1st digit
b.) 2nd digit
c.) 3rd digit
d.) 4th digit
b.) 2nd digit
Which of the following terms best describes upright, stand or sitting erect?
a.) prone
b.) supine
c.) recumbent
d.) erect
d.) erect
The top of the Y on a PA/AP oblique scapular Y shoulder projection are formed by the
1.) coracoid
2.) scapular body
3.) acromion
4.) glenoid fossa
a.) 3 and 4 only
b.) 2 and 3 only
c.) 1 and 3 only
d.) 1 and 2 only
c.) 1 and 3 only
The area between the two lungs is called the:
a.) pleural space
b.) mediastinum
c.) bificant
d.) carina
b.) mediastinum
Which of the following evaluation criteria are demonstrated on PA hand projection? Choose all that apply.
a.) PA of entire hand
b.) 1/2’’ of distal forearm
c.) 1’’ of distal forearm
d.) oblique view of the thumb
a.) PA of entire hand
c.) 1’’ of distal forearm
d.) oblique view of the thumb
AP elbow projection with accurate positioning should demonstrate:
1.) the medial and lateral humeral epicondyles in profile
2.) the radial tuberosity in medially
3.) olecranon process in olecranon fossa
4.) the ulna free of radial head and radial tuberosity superimposition
a.) 2 and 4 only
b.) 1 and 3 only
c.) 1 , 2, and 3 only
d.) 1, 2, 3 and 4
c.) 1, 2, and 3 only
Which of the following evaluation criteria should be demonstrated on the lateral wrist projection? Choose all that apply.
a.) distal radius
b.) distal ulna
c.) carpals
d.) midcarpal area
a.) distal radius
b.) distal ulna
c.) carpals
d.) midcarpal area
Which of the following evaluation criteria should be demonstrated on the lateral decubitus? Choose all that apply.
a.) air filled stomach
b.) loops of bowel
c.) air fluid levels
d.) bilateral disphragm
a.) air filled stomach
b.) loops of bowel
c.) air fluid levels
d.) bilateral diaphragm
What is the correct position of the fingers on a lateral thumb projection?
a.) fingers out straight
b.) fingers should be arched
c.) fingers should be obliqued
b.) fingers should be arched
Clubfoot is also called:
a.) congentital hip dysphasia
b.) talipes equinovirus
c.) trimalleolar fracture
d.) none of the above
b.) talipes equinovirus
What is the correct degree of angulation on the AP axial projection of the clavicle?
a.) 15 to 30 degrees
b.) 10 degrees
c.) 20 degrees
d.) 15 degrees
a.) 15 to 30 degrees
Which of the following evaluation criterai are demonstrated on the supine abdomen? Choose all that apply.
a.) outline of liver, spleen, kidneys and stomach
b.) bowel segments
c.) symphisis pubis
d.) ischial tuberosity
a.) outline of liver
b.) bowel segments
c.) symphisis pubis
Which of the following evaluation criteria positions are demonstrated on PA digits? Choose all that apply.
a.) no rotation is evident by concavities of shaft of phalanges and metacarpals
b.) equal tissue on each side of the phalanges
c.) fingers seperated with no soft tissue overlap
d.) interphalangeal joints open
a.) no rotation is evident by concavities of shaft of phalanges and metacarpals
b.) equal tissue on each side of the phalanges
c.) fingers seperated with no soft tissue overlap
d.) interphalangeal joints open
An internally rotated AP oblique elbow projection with accurate positioning demonstrates which of the following structures in profile?
1.) capitulum
2.) radial head
3.) medial epicondyle
4.) coronoid process
a.) 1 and 2 only
b.) 3 and 4 only
c.) 2 and 3 only
d.) 1 and 4 only
b.) 3 and 4 only
For a PA projection of the second digitt the central ray is directed to the ___________ joint.
a.) carpometacarpal
b.) proximal interphalangeal
c.) distal interaphalangeal
d.) metacarpophalangeal
b.) proximal interaphalangeal
For the AP projection of the elbow, the humeral epicondyles should be:
a.) parallel to the IR
b.) superimposition over each other
c.) perpendicular to the IR
d.) not clearly seena
a.) parallel to the IR
For the grashey projection the CR should be 2 inches inferior and 2 inches medial from seperiolateral border of the shoulder.
a.) true
b.) false
a.) true
Where should the CR be directed on the transthoracic lateral humerus projection?
a.) surgical neck
b.) distal humerus
c.) mid diaphysis shaft
d.) mid shoulder
c.) mid diaphysis shaft
The greater tubercle will be partially superimposed over the humeral head on which of the following projections are positions? Choose all that apply.
a.) AP, internal rotation
b.) AP, neutral rotation
c.) AP, external rotation
d.) PA oblique, scapular Y
a.) AP, internal rotation
Which of the following evaluation criteria should be demonstrated on the AP humerus projection. CHoose all that apply.
a.) greater tubercle in profile laterally
b.) humeral head partially seen in profile medially
c.) minimal superimpostion of glenoid cavity
d.) humeral epicondyles 45 degrees to the IR
a.) greater tubercle in profile laterally
b.) humeral head partially seen in profile medially
c.) minimal superimpostion of glenoid cavity
Each phalanx consists of three parts called: Choose all that apply.
a.) head
b.) body/shaft
c.) base
d.) distal
a.) head
b.) body/shaft
c.) base
For a transthoracic lateral projection, the proximal humerus should be projected:
a.) over the verterbral column
b.) directly over the opposite humerus
c.) over the sternum
d.) between the vertebral column and sternum
d.) between the vertebral column and sternum
Which of the following best describes projection? Choose all that apply.
a.) refers to the side of
b.) body part from which CR exists
c.) true lateral is always 90 degrees, if not a true lateral is a oblique
d.) part closest to the IR
a.) referes to the side of
b.) body part from which CR exists
c.) true lateral is always 90 degrees, if not a true lateral is a oblique
d.) part closest to the IR
Neutral rotation of shoulder which of the following should be demonstrated?
1.) proximal one third of humerus
2.) upper scapula
3.) lateral two thirds of clavicle
4.) humeral head in partial profile
5.) greater and lesser tubercles superimposed by humeral head
a.) 1 and 2
b.) 1, 2 and 3
c.) 2, 4 and 5
d.) 1, 2, 3 and 5
d.) 1, 2, 3 and 5
