procedures

Question 1

albumin/creatinine ratio

Answer 1

screening test for persons at risk for developing kidney disease; measures amount of albumin and creatinine in urine; there is a high level of albumin in the blood, but almost none is excreted in urine; creatinine (a waste product of muscle metabolism) is excreted into urine at a relatively constant rate; one if ratio of these two substances increases, it is an early warning sign of kidney disease

Question 2

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Answer 2

blood test to evaluate kidney function by level of nitrogenous waste in the blood

Question 3

clean catch specimen (CC)

Answer 3

urine test; sample is obtained after cleaning off urinary meatus and catching or collecting a urine sample in midstream (halfway through urination process) to minimize contamination from genitalia

Question 4

Creatinine clearance

Answer 4

test to evaluate kidney function; creatinine is a waste product cleared from bloodstream by the kidneys; for this test, urine is collected for 24 hours, and amount of creatinine in urine is compared to amount of creatinine that remains in bloodstream

Question 5

estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)

Answer 5

Test to evaluate kidney function; measures level of creatinine, a waste product of muscle metabolism, in urine and uses this in a formula that estimates how well glomeruli are filtering water out of bloodstream

Question 6

urinalysis

Answer 6

Test consisting of physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine

Question 7

urine culture and sensitivity (C&S)

Answer 7

test of urine for bacterial infection; attempt to grow bacteria on culture medium in order to identify it and determine to which antibiotics it is sensitive

Question 8

urinometer

Answer 8

instrument to measure specific gravity of urine; part of urinalysis

Question 9

cystography

Answer 9

Process of recording the bladder after dye is placed in the bladder by catheter; x-ray image produced is cystogram

Question 10

intravenous pyelography (IVP)

Answer 10

process of recording renal pelvis after dye is injected into a vein; x-rays visualize dye collecting in renal pelvis as it is removed by the kidney; x-ray image produced is intravenous pyelogram

Question 11

excretory urography (EU)

Answer 11

process of recording the kidney after dye is injected into bloodstream; x-rays, trace action of the kidney as a excretes dye in the urine; x-ray image produced is excretory urogram

Question 12

kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)

Answer 12

x-ray taken of the abdomen, demonstrating kidneys, ureters, and bladder without using any contrast dye; also called flat plate abdomen

Question 13

nephrography

Answer 13

process of recording kidney after dye is injected into a vein; x-rays visualize the kidney as it filters the dye out of the bloodstream; x-ray image produced is nephrogram

Question 14

retrograde pyelography

Answer 14

process of recording, renal pelvis, ureters, and a urinary bladder after dye is inserted by catheter through the urethra to outline bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis; x-ray image produced is retrograde pyelogram

Question 15

voiding cystourethrography

Answer 15

process a recording urinary bladder after contrast dye is placed into the bladder; x-ray traces path of urine as the patient voids; x-ray image produced is voiding cystourethrogram

Question 16

cystoscopy (cysto)

Answer 16

process of visually examining the bladder using instrument called cystoscope

Question 17

urethroscopy

Answer 17

Visual examination of the urethra using instrument under urethroscope

Question 18

catheter

Answer 18

inserting flexible tube into body for purpose of moving fluids into or out of body; most commonly refers to tube threaded through the urethra into the bladder to withdraw urine

Question 19

catheterization

Answer 19

inserting tube through the urethra and into the urinary bladder for purpose of withdrawing urine or inserting dye

Question 20

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Answer 20

using ultrasound waves from outside the body to crush stones; process does not require invasive surgery

Question 21

hemodialysis (HD)

Answer 21

using artificial kidney machine to filter waste product products from the blood of a person; use of this technique in patients who have defective kidneys is life-saving

Question 22

peritoneal dialysis

Answer 22

removing toxic waste substances from body by placing warm, chemically balanced solutions into a peritoneal cavity; wastes are filtered out of blood across peritoneum; used in treating renal failure in certain poisonings

Question 23

cystectomy

Answer 23

surgical removal of the bladder

Question 24

Cystopexy

Answer 24

surgical fixation of the bladder; perform to correct cystocele

Question 25

Cystoplasty

Answer 25

surgical repair of a defect in the bladder

Question 26

Cystostomy

Answer 26

surgical creation of opening into the bladder through the abdominal wall

Question 27

cystotomy

Answer 27

Cutting into the bladder

Question 28

lithitomy

Answer 28

cutting into an organ for purpose of removing a stone

Question 29

lithotripsy

Answer 29

destroying a stone in urinary system by crushing or sound waves

Question 30

meatotomy

Answer 30

cutting into the meatus in order to enlarge opening of the urethra

Question 31

nephrectomy

Answer 31

Surgical removal of a kidney

Question 32

nephrolithotomy

Answer 32

Cutting into the kidney in order to remove stones

Question 33

nephropexy

Answer 33

Surgical fixation of a kidney to anchor it in its normal anatomical position

Question 34

nephrostomy

Answer 34

Surgical creation of opening into the kidney through the abdominal wall

Question 35

nephrotomy

Answer 35

Cutting into the kidney

Question 36

pyeloplasty

Answer 36

surgical repair of the renal pelvis

Question 37

renal transplant

Answer 37

Surgical placement of donor kidney

Question 38

renal transplant

Answer 38

Surgical placement of donor kidney