procedures Flashcards
albumin/creatinine ratio
screening test for persons at risk for developing kidney disease; measures amount of albumin and creatinine in urine; there is a high level of albumin in the blood, but almost none is excreted in urine; creatinine (a waste product of muscle metabolism) is excreted into urine at a relatively constant rate; one if ratio of these two substances increases, it is an early warning sign of kidney disease
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
blood test to evaluate kidney function by level of nitrogenous waste in the blood
clean catch specimen (CC)
urine test; sample is obtained after cleaning off urinary meatus and catching or collecting a urine sample in midstream (halfway through urination process) to minimize contamination from genitalia
Creatinine clearance
test to evaluate kidney function; creatinine is a waste product cleared from bloodstream by the kidneys; for this test, urine is collected for 24 hours, and amount of creatinine in urine is compared to amount of creatinine that remains in bloodstream
estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
Test to evaluate kidney function; measures level of creatinine, a waste product of muscle metabolism, in urine and uses this in a formula that estimates how well glomeruli are filtering water out of bloodstream
urinalysis
Test consisting of physical, chemical, and microscopic examination of urine
urine culture and sensitivity (C&S)
test of urine for bacterial infection; attempt to grow bacteria on culture medium in order to identify it and determine to which antibiotics it is sensitive
urinometer
instrument to measure specific gravity of urine; part of urinalysis
cystography
Process of recording the bladder after dye is placed in the bladder by catheter; x-ray image produced is cystogram
intravenous pyelography (IVP)
process of recording renal pelvis after dye is injected into a vein; x-rays visualize dye collecting in renal pelvis as it is removed by the kidney; x-ray image produced is intravenous pyelogram
excretory urography (EU)
process of recording the kidney after dye is injected into bloodstream; x-rays, trace action of the kidney as a excretes dye in the urine; x-ray image produced is excretory urogram
kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB)
x-ray taken of the abdomen, demonstrating kidneys, ureters, and bladder without using any contrast dye; also called flat plate abdomen
nephrography
process of recording kidney after dye is injected into a vein; x-rays visualize the kidney as it filters the dye out of the bloodstream; x-ray image produced is nephrogram
retrograde pyelography
process of recording, renal pelvis, ureters, and a urinary bladder after dye is inserted by catheter through the urethra to outline bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis; x-ray image produced is retrograde pyelogram
voiding cystourethrography
process a recording urinary bladder after contrast dye is placed into the bladder; x-ray traces path of urine as the patient voids; x-ray image produced is voiding cystourethrogram
cystoscopy (cysto)
process of visually examining the bladder using instrument called cystoscope
urethroscopy
Visual examination of the urethra using instrument under urethroscope
catheter
inserting flexible tube into body for purpose of moving fluids into or out of body; most commonly refers to tube threaded through the urethra into the bladder to withdraw urine
catheterization
inserting tube through the urethra and into the urinary bladder for purpose of withdrawing urine or inserting dye
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL)
using ultrasound waves from outside the body to crush stones; process does not require invasive surgery
hemodialysis (HD)
using artificial kidney machine to filter waste product products from the blood of a person; use of this technique in patients who have defective kidneys is life-saving
peritoneal dialysis
removing toxic waste substances from body by placing warm, chemically balanced solutions into a peritoneal cavity; wastes are filtered out of blood across peritoneum; used in treating renal failure in certain poisonings
cystectomy
surgical removal of the bladder
Cystopexy
surgical fixation of the bladder; perform to correct cystocele
