PROCEDURAL SEDATION Flashcards
SEDATION
CONTROLLED REDUCTION IN AWARENESS OF ENVIRONMENT
ANXIOLYSIS
MILD SEDATION
STATE OF REDUCED APPREHENSION
-RESPOND NORMALLY TO VERBAL STIMULI
- CO-ORDINATION / COGNITION MAYBE IMPAIRED
-CARDIORESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS INTACT
DISSOCIATIVE ANALGESIA
EG/ KETAMINE
TRANCE LIKE CATALEPTIC STATE - WITH ANALGESIA AND AMNESIA
MODERATE SEDATION
- RESPONDS PURPOSEFULLY TO VERBAL + /- TACTILE STIMULI
-CARDIORESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS INTACT - CONSCIOUS SEDATION
DEEP SEDATION
- RESPONDS PURPOSEFULLY TO PAINFUL STIMULI
- NOT EASILY AROUSABLE
- RESPIRATORY FUNCTIONS MAYBE IMPAIRED
-CARDIAC FNS INTACT
GENERAL ANASTHESIA
CARIORESPIRATORY FNS NOT INTACT
NOT AROUSABLE
PROCEDUAL SEDATION
USING A SEDATIVE/DISSOCIATIVE AGENT +/_ ANALGESIA TO MAKE UNPLEASANT PROCEDURES TOLERABLE
SOAPME
- SUCTION
-OXYGEN
-AIRWAY
-PHARMACY/ POSITION
-MONITOR / MEDS
-EQUIPEMNT
WHEN IS MAX RISK OF DETERIORATION
WHEN THE PAINFUL STIMULI IS REMOVED
ASA CLASSIFICATION
1 - NO CO-MORB
2- MILD SYSTEMIC DISSEASE WITHOUT FUNCTIONAL LIMITATION
3- SEVERE SYSTEMIC DISEASE WITH FUNCTIONAL LIMITAION
4- DISEASE WITH CONSTANT THREAT TO LIFE
5- MORIBUND MAYNOT SURVIVE WITHOUT PROCEDURE
PREPROCEDURAL FASTING
- NOT REQUIRED
- MAYNOT REDUCE EMESIS OR ASPIRATION
OXYGEN SUPPORT
- MAY CAUSE DELAYED DETECTION OF HYPOVENTILLATIONOR APNEA
-USE CAPNOGRAPHY
BIS
- NOT USED IN INFANTS
- DEPTH OF SEDATION (EFFECT OF DRUG ON CORTEX RATHER THAN CONSCIOUSNESS IS ASESSED)
-0-100
-40-60 FOR GA
PROPOFOL ADVANTAGE
-ANTIEMETIC
-SHORT ACTIMG
-RAPID ONSET
PROPOFOL DISADVANTAGE
-HYPOTENSION
-RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
PROPOFOL DOSE
1-1.5 MGKG
INCREMENTS OF 0.5 MG/KG
ADVANTAGE OF KETAMINE
1.SEDATION (DISOOCIATIVE)
2.AMNESIA
3. ANALGESIA
4 MANITAIN CARDIORESPIRATORY FN
-PROTECTIVE AIRWAY REFLEX
-SPONT RESPIRATION
-INCREASE BP
-INCREASE HR/CO
-MYOCARDIAL O2 CONSUMPTION INCREASED
-BRONCHODIALATION
DISADVANTAGE OF KETAMINE
- APNEA
- LARYNGOSPASM (MAYBE RELIEVED BY REPOSTION, PPV, O2 , 10% NMB)
3.EMESIS - EMERGENCE REACTION (MIDAZOLAM 0.03 MG/KG)
- INCREASED SALIVATION (GLYCOPYROLATE)
GLYCOPYROLATE OVER ATROPINE
- LESS ARRYTHMIA
- BETTER SIALAGOGUE
- DONOT CROSS BBB
MAY CAUSE HEADACHE
EMERGENCE REACTION AKA
RECOVERY AGITATION
EMESIS WITH KETAMINE SEEN IN
HIGH DOSE / IM
KETAMINE DOSE
1-2 MG/KG IV (0.5- 1 MG/K ALLOQUITE)
4-5 MG/KG IM
5-7 MG/KG PO
KETOFOL DOSE
0.5-0.75 MG/KG BOTH
1:1 IN SYRINGE
REPAEAT PROPOFOL 0.1-0.5 MG/KG SOS
KETOFOL ADVANTAGE
- HR/BP MAINTAINED BY KETAMINE
- ANALGESIA BY KETAMINE
- ANIT EMETIC BY PROPOFOL
-DECREASED DOSE OF DRUG
ETOMIDATE
0.3 MG/KG
1 MIN (ONSET)
10 MINS (ACTION)
- PAIN ON INJECTION
- MYOCLONUS
-ADRENAL SUPRESSION
MIDAZOLAM
0.05 - 0.1 MG/KG (5YR)
0.05-0.025 MG/KG (>5YRS)
0.02 MG/KG WHEN GIVEN WITH FENTA
3 MIN (ONSET)
60 MINS (DURATION)
PARADOXICAL AGITATION
METHOHEXITAL
1-3 MG/KG
1 MIN (ONSET)
10 MIN (DURATION)
EXTRAVASATION ACUSING NECROSIS
C/I IN PORPHYRIA
USE IN MALIGNANT HYPERTERMIA AND TBI
PHENOBARBITAL
1-6 MG/KG
1 MIN (ONSET)
10 MIN (DURATION)
EXTRAVASATION ACUSING NECROSIS
C/I IN PORPHYRIA
USE IN MALIGNANT HYPERTERMIA AND TBI
NITROUS OXIDE
30-70%
1 MIN (ONSET)
20 MIN (DURATION)
C/I TRAPPED AIR
pain DEFNITION
VISCERAL OR SOMATIC UNPLESANT SENSATION A/W ACTUAL POTENTIAL OR PERCIEVED TISSUE DAMAGE
NOCICEPTOR
FREE NERVE ENDINGS OF SENSORY NEURON THAT CONVERT CHEMICAL, MECHANICAL.THERMAL ENERGY TO ELECTRICAL ACTIVTY AND TRANSPORT TO DORSAL HORN
TYPES OF PAIN
1.NOCICEPTIVE -
VISCERAL/SOMATIC
2. NEUROPATHIC
TYPES OF PAIN ASESSMENT
- SELF REPORTING
- BEHAVIOURAL
- PHYSIOLOGICAL
SELF REPORTING PAIN SCALES
- NRS
2 VAS - FACES
-WONG BAKER PAIN SCORE
-FACES PAIN SCALE REVISED
(3-8 YRS)
INFANT PAIN SCORE
1.PIPPS
2. CRIES
3. FLACC
4. OSBD
5. CHEOPS
NEURO IMPAIRED (PAIN SCORE)
R-FLACC
NON PHARMACOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES OF PAIN MANAGEMENT
- DISTRACT
- PARENTAL PRESSENCE
- HYPNOSIS
- NON NUTRITIVE SUCKLING
- SUCROSE
- KANGAROO CARE
TOPICAL ANASTHETIC ADVANTAGE
- PAINLESS
- NO NEEDLE
- DONOT DISTORT TISSUE
EMLA
- EUTETIC MIXTURE OF LOCAL ANASTETIC
- 1:1 LIGNOCAINE AND PRILOCAINE
- ACTION 60 MIN
- 5-10 GM OCCLUSIVE DRESSING
- INTACT SKIN
- METHHEMOGLOBINEMIA
- WITH G6PD DEFICIENCY
-< 1 YR / EGA<37 WKS
-ON METHHEMOGLOBIN INDUCING AGENTS
LMX
- LIPOSOMAL ENCAPSULATED LIGNOCAINE
- 4/5 %
- INTACT SKIN
4 30-60 MINS
5 2.5 GM
LET
LIGNOCAINE
EPINEPHRINE
TETRA CAINE
-OPEN DERMIS
-20-30 MINS
- 5ML
- DONOT APPLY AT END ARTERT/ COMPROMISED BLOOD SUPPLY
VAPOCOOLANT
INSTANT
-OPEN/INTACT
LOCAL ANSTHETIC AGENT ACTION
REVERSIBLE SODIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER
TYPES OF LA
AMIDE
ESTER
HOW TO MAKE LA LESS PAIN FUL
- TOPICAL AGENTS
- SMALL NEEDLE
- INJECT TO S/C TISSUE
- INJECT THROUGH WOUND
- SODIUM BICARB
- WARM SOLUTION
- INJECT SLOWLY
8 MINIMIZE NUMBER OF PUNCTURE
SIDE EFFECTS OF LA
- WITH EPI : VASOCONSTRICTOR
- ALLERGIC (ESP PROCSINE / BENZOCAINE)
- BUPIVACAINE - CARDIAC TOX
- BENZOCAINE / PRILOCAINE - METHHEMOGLOBINEMIA
MILD- TINGLING, NUMBNESS, TINNITUS, HEARING LOSS
MODERATE - SEIZURE, COMA DROWSINESS
SEVERE - MYOCARDIAL DEPRESSION AND CARDIAC ARREST
LIGNOCAINE
4-4.5 MG/KG
LIGOCAINE WITH EPI
7 MG/KG
BUPIVACAINE
3 MG/KG
TETRA CAINE
1.5MG/KG
ACETAMINOPHEN
PO 10-15 MG/KG ( MAX 4 GM /DAY) - Q4-6H
IV 15 MG/KG Q6H
ASPIRIN
10-15 MG/KG Q4-6H
REYE SYNDROME (DONOT GIVE IN FLU/VARICELLA)
IBUPROFEN
10 MG/KG Q6-8H
HYDROCODONE
OXYCODONE
0.1-0.2 MG/KG Q4-6H
MORPHINE
0.3 MG/KG Q3-4H - PO
0.1 MG/KG Q4H - IV
TRAMADOL
1-2 MG/KG Q4H
FENTANYL
0.5-1 MCG/KG Q2H
KETROLAC
0.5 MG/KG Q6H
LOW DOSE KETAMINE
0.15 MG/KG OR 0.1-0.2 MG/KG/HR
NALOXONE
- 0.1 MG/KG (2 MG)
FLUMAZENIL
0.01 MG/KG - UPTO 5 DOSE
MAX - 1 MG