Procaryotic Cell anatomy and functions

Question 1

Chromosomes

Answer 1

The most prominent structure in a bacterial cell, made up of DNA (contains information) and Proteins (helps keep the structure)

Question 2

Nucleoid

Answer 2

DNA “super coiled” to fit in the cell formed into a circular chromosome.

Question 3

Plasmids

Answer 3

Contain genes but are independent from the cellualr chromosomes. (used for conversation”

Question 4

Ribosomes

Answer 4

• Composed of large and small subunits, each containing RNA and protein molecules.
• Function as protein manufacturing centers

Question 5

Organelles

Answer 5

• “little organs”
• store calcium and other key ions
• hold crystals of magnetite, which functions like a compass to help the cell sense magnetic fields
• organizes enzymes responsible for synthesizing complex carbon compounds from carbon dioxide
• sequencing enzymes that convert chemical energy from ammonium ions.

Question 6

cytoskeleton

Answer 6

Protein fibers that help the cell retain its shape.

Question 7

Cytoplasm

Answer 7

All the contents of the cell with the exclusion of the nucleus.

Question 8

Prokaryotic cell wall

Answer 8

Allows the cell to keep its’ shape after osmosis

-made of tough fibrous layer surrounding the plasma membrane

Question 9

glycolipids

Answer 9

protective layer outside the cell wall made up of lipids that contain carbohydrates

Question 10

Flagella

Answer 10

Small whip like appendages based in the plasma membrane of some species of prokaryote.
- Propels cell through water like a Rutter

Question 11

Fimbriae (Fimbria *singular)

Answer 11

Needle like projections that extend from the plasma membrane of some bacteria and promote attachment to other cells or surfaces.