Eukaryotic cell anatomy and functions

Question 1

Cytosol

Answer 1

Fluid portion between cell membrane and organelles
compartmentalized to:
-separate incompatible chemical reactions
-chemical reactions become more efficient

Question 2

Nucleus and parts

Answer 2

• nucleus contains chromosomes and functions as the administrative center for information of the cell.
• Nuclear envelope: complex double membrane on the outside
• nuclear lamina: stiffens the structure and maintains its’ shape.

Question 3

Ribosomes

Answer 3

just like ribosomes in prokaryotes, ribosomes in eukaryotes work as protein manufacturing facilities

Question 4

endoplasmic reticulum (or ER)

Answer 4

Two sections

• RER (or Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum)
• SER (or Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum)

Question 5

Rough ER

Answer 5

ribosomes associated with the RER synthesize proteins that will be inserted into the plasma membrane, secreted to the cell exterior, or shipped or an organelle

Question 6

Smooth ER

Answer 6

Smooth ER contains enzymes that catalyze reactions involving lipids. These may be synthasize lipids needed by the organism or to break down lipids and other molecules that are poisonous

Question 7

Golgi apparatus

Answer 7

protein lipid and carbohydrate processing