Problems with hearing and balance Flashcards
What are the three parts of the ear
Outer ear: Pinna + EAC
Middle ear: TM, ossicles, + aircontaining space
Inner ear: Cochlea, vestibule, semicircular canals
What are the two tuning fork tests
Weber: Fork placed in middle of the head . sound moves
toward a conductive loss, away from a sensorineural loss.
• Rinne: Fork on bone and then by ear
If BoneConduction>AC THEN conductive HL
what does tympanometry measure? what are the possible results
movement of the eardrum Type A = Normal Type B (flat) = Fluid or perforation Type C (neg pressure) = ET dysfunction
Otitis Media
Can be acute or chronic. Inflammation of the middle ear
What si the most common ear operation?
Myringotomy – surgical incision to drain fluid from eardrum
What does Stapedectomy repair?
repairs conductive hearing loss
replace stapes with prosthesis
Sensorineural Hearing Loss causes
noise, age, genetics, toxins, virus,
acoustic neuroma
Mixed Hearing Loss
both conductive and sensory neural causes for hearing loss present
Presbycusis
Age related hearing loss (normally a volume problem)
good retention of speech discrimination
if speech discrimination is decreased what does that indicate
Neuron discrimination
Acoustic neuroma
small schwannoma
one sided hearing loss disorder?
think of tumor/ acoustic neuroma
what are cochlear implants used for?
profound sensorineural deafness
vertigo
feels like the world is moving when they are laying still
Common vestibular syndromes (5)
1 Acute, unilateral vestibular loss - Viral inflammation
2 Meniere - episodic vertigo for hours
3 BPPV
4 Bilateral vestibular loss (ataxia +oscillopsia)
5 Migraine-associated dizziness
Meniere’s syndrome
Clinical presentation
Unilateral hearing loss – fluctuant – diplacusis • Aural fullness • Tinnitus
tx of meniees disease
Vestibular suppressants - acute
– Meclizine, etc.
- Diuretics; low salt diet chronic
- Vasodilators (betahistine) chronic
- Gentamicin (intratympanic or IM) chronic, refractory
- Dexamethasone (oral or intratympanic) acute, chronic??
what is BPPV?
Benign positional vertigo
Positional vertigo, paroxysmal
• Time course: seconds
Dislodge the particle in the tubes
what maneuver do you use to dx BPPV? maneuver for tx?
dx = Barany (Dix-Hallpike) maneuver tx = eply maneuver
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