Problems in Liberal Italy 1911-14 Flashcards
What was the percentage of North South wealth divide in 1910?
Northern Italy had 48% of nations wealth
South had 27%
the Italian economy remained weaker than other countries
Where were most industries based in Italy?
Turin, Milan, Genoa
How much did Turn Milan and Genoa account for Italys industrial income?
55%
What did Nitti try and encourage to improve the south?
free trade but still damaged the south
Who benefitted from agriculture?
The north benefitted from new crops + wheat production increased- Po Valley was rich
where did disease and drought afflict?
the south
Poverty was caused by a weak economy especially in the…?
south
what widespread diseases affected Italy?
Malaria and colera
how many Italians were illiterate in 1900?
69%
Where did many southern Italians emigrate to for a better life ? How many?
America
Between 1912-13= 1.5 million
What economic reforms did Giolitti introduce?
Pensions schemes and sickness pay
what age did he raise the minimum working age to?
12
what did he provide free treatment for?
malaria
By 1911 how much did illiteracy rates fall by?
37.6%
Why were Giolitti’s economic reforms limited?
Not all workers lives improved and by 1911 many socialists and catholic unions had been formed leading to Giolitti trying to include socialists into his political alliances
What was transformismo?
When Giolitti attempted to bring newly important political groups into his gov. socialists and Catholics
Who did Giolitti try and appeal to?
- The socialists- PSI- had won 20% of vote in 1909- BUT the socialists who did join his gov were criticised from radicals who were not prepared to work with G.
- PPI- Catholic party- had become more influential in local gov by 1911 so Giolitti entered an alliance with Catholic deputies but did not form a full coalition.
- Nationalists ANI- est. in 1910 and by 1914 had gained lots of support- they hated G’s foreign policy- wanted a greater army, colonial expansion, strong police powers. ANI were angry with G who seemed to be working with PSI (catholics) too.
When did Italy invade Libya?
Sep 1911
Why did they invade Libya?
humiliating defeat at Adowa in 1896- halted colonial expansion and ambitions.
BUT also because they wanted to assert their territorial claims there and worried about French expansion into Morocco.
Why did the Libyan war contribute to Italys early problems?
Although Turks surrendered Libya to Italy- Italy still had to keep troops there as the Libyans continued to resist Italian control.
-War cost 1,300 million lira and 3,500 Italians died.
-Led to a fall in Italian crop prices
-Led to extension of the franchise
Who became more critical of the gov?
PSI and ANI
what was 1912 a period of?
instability
Why were the nationalists annoyed with Giolitti?
Felt like the Liberals were not dealing with threat from PSI
-Extension of the franchise did not lead to more conservative votes
