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Neurology > Problem solving - neurology > Flashcards

Problem solving - neurology Flashcards

1
Q

Recall problem based clinical reasoning

A
  1. define problem
    2, define system
  2. define location
  3. define lesion
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2
Q

How to define the problem with collapse?

A

seizures of syncope?

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3
Q

Define ‘can’t eat properly’?

A

inability to prehend or swallow food

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4
Q

Define ‘vomits’

A

vomiting or regurgitation

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5
Q

Define ‘wees a lot’

A

polyuric or pollakiuric

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6
Q

What is the 6 finger rule?

A
  1. localisation
  2. signalment
  3. onset
  4. progression
  5. symmetry
  6. pain
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7
Q

Localisation - hydrocephalus

A

brain

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8
Q

Localisation - cerebellar abiotropy

A

cerebleeulm

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9
Q

Localisation - atlanto-axial subluxation

A

upper cervical spinal cord

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10
Q

Localisation - caudal cervical spondylomyelopathy

A

caudal cervical spinal cor

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11
Q

Localisatio - spinal nephroblastoma (uncommon)

A

spinal cord (thoracic - lumbar?_

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12
Q

Localisation - myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

NMJ

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13
Q

Localisation -muscular dystrophy

A

mm bed

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14
Q

Localisation -vincristine neuropathy

A

peripheral nn

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15
Q

Outlien localisation -lesion distribution - 3

A
  • FOCAL: neoplasia, IVDH, congenital malformation
  • MULTIFOCAL: inflammatory, infection, multifocal neoplasia: lymphoma
  • DIFFUSE: neurodegenerative, metabolic
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16
Q

What are the different onsets of (neuro) diseases

A
  • per-acute
  • acute
  • sub-acute
  • chronic
  • acute on chronic
17
Q

What are the different classifications of ‘progression’ of (neuro) diseases?

A
  • improving
  • static
  • deteriorating
  • waxing and waning
  • episodic
  • paroxysmal
18
Q

Are there pain receptors in the spinal cord?

A

No

19
Q

List the 8 parts to the neuro exam

A
  1. mentation
  2. posture
  3. gait
  4. postural reactions
  5. spinal reflexes
  6. cranial nerves
  7. palpation
  8. nociception
20
Q

What should you do if you suspect a focal lesion?

A

imaging

21
Q

What should you do if you suspect infection/ inflammation?

A

Minimum database- CBC, biochem, UA

22
Q

What are teh most important aspects of patient hx in neuro cases? 3

A
  • signalment
  • onset
  • progression
23
Q

What are the most important things to determine on physical and neuro exam?

A
  • localisation
  • symmetry
  • presence of pain

Then choose diagnostic tests based on remaining ddx (the true rule outs)

24
Q

What is the ddx based on? 6

A
  • localisation
  • signalment
  • onset
  • progression
  • symmetry
  • pain
25
Q

What is mucopolsaccharidosis (MPS)?

A
  • rare disease
  • affects young animals
  • pure bred
  • progressive
  • multi-system involvement (can cause lameness)
26
Q

Diagnosis - MPS

A
  • urine MPS spot test: measures GAG

- enzyme activity of leukocytes (EDTA) and activity of arlysulfatase B activity

27
Q

Outcome - MPS

A
  • poor prognosis

- genetic counselling

Neurology (26 decks)

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