Problem Solving and Decision Making

Question 1

Normative

Answer 1

choices a rational person makes under ideal circumstances

Question 2

Descriptive

Answer 2

choices a typical person makes under typical circumstances

Question 3

Framing

Answer 3

The context of a decision changes our decision, even when the context does not change the expected utility

Question 4

bounded rationality

Answer 4

which describes the notion that a decision maker bases his or her decisions on a simplified model of the world

Question 5

Heuristics

Answer 5

We use mental shortcuts called heuristics to narrow down the potential actions and increase the probability of finding a correct solution

Question 6

Satisficing heuristic

Answer 6

involves searching through possible alternatives until you reach a threshold of acceptability, whereupon you choose that alternative

Question 7

Elimination-by-aspects heuristic

Answer 7

in which people only focus on features that are the most personally important

Question 8

problem space

Answer 8

that contains the initial (current) state of the problem, the goal state, and all possible states in between, as well as the operations required to move from one state to another