Problem Solving

Question 1

Plan - what sampling strategies and theoretical considerations would you use? (give four)

Answer 1

• Identify major ecosystems
• Use quadrats, transects and the mark-recapture method
• Think about alpha, beta and gamma diversity and what they measure
• Use diversity index (shannon weiner, simpsons)

Question 2

Reasons for sampling difficulty and solutions? (give five)

Answer 2

• Some species are undescribed
• Impossible to know if every species has been recorded
• Use DNA barcoding
• Use morphospecies
• Use indicator taxa

Question 3

Problems with only protecting areas of high diversity? And what additional criteria would you apply? (give four)

Answer 3

• Rare species may be else where
• Endemic species are restricted geographically
• Include species which are taxonomically distinct
• Include threatened species

Question 4

Criteria for size, shape and location of protected areas? (give five)

Answer 4

• Inclusiveness - is the whole ecosystem protected?
• Reduce edge effect
• Maximise overall area with lots of large areas
• Use corridors to reduce isolation
• Include many habitats
• Costs need to be low
• Consider importance of area

Question 5

SLOSS debate? (two for each)

Answer 5

• Large are consistent with the island biogeography theory
• Large minimise the edge effect
• Small may be more efficient
• Small can cover more diverse habitats

Question 6

Which species would you monitor? (give four)

Answer 6

• Charismatic megafauna
• Umbrella species - indicate the needs of many
• Sentinel species - sensitive to change so indicate health of ecosystem
• Threatened and endangered species