Problem Set #2-Facts Flashcards
Gestalt Grouping Principle: Proximity Example
Dots that are near each other group together
Gestalt Grouping Principle: Similarity Example
Dots that have the same colour group together
Gestalt Grouping Principle: Good continuation
Short edges that are approximately lined up group together
into a longer perceived contour
Gestalt Grouping Principle: Parallelism
parallel lines, even if they are curved, tend to group together
Gestalt Grouping Principle: Symmetry
Symmetrically arranged dots or lines group together into a single perceived object
Gestalt Grouping Principle: Common Region Example
Drawing an ellipse around pairs of dots causes them
to group together
Gestalt Grouping Principle: Connectedness Example
Drawing a line that connects pairs of elements causes them to
group together
Accidental Viewpoint
A viewpoint that produces a regularity in the image (e.g., a connected line, a straight
edge) that is not present in the world
What is the Gestalt principle of “common region”?
Features tend to group together if they appear to be part of the same region
What is prosopagnosia?
The selective inability to perceive faces
What is a nonaccidental feature?
a) a feature of an object that does not depend on the exact viewing position of the
observer, or (b) a feature that, if present in a 2D image, is very likely to be present in
the 3D scene depicted as well (e.g., parallel edges
What is an illusory contour?
A contour that we perceive where there is actually no contour in the image
What is the global superiority effect?
The finding that properties of a whole object often perceptually override properties of
parts of the object
What are “relatable” edges?
Edges that can be joined by a simple, smooth curve
What is unique blue?
A hue that people see as containing blue but no red or green
What is colour constancy?
The ability to perceive surface colour correctly despite changes in the colour of the
illumination
What is a spectral power distribution?
A plot showing the amount of power that a light source has at each wavelength
Name three absolute metrical depth cue.
vergence, accommodation, familiar size
What is the Vieth-Müller circle?
An imaginary circle through the two eyes and the fixation point
What is the horopter?
The set of all points in space that create retinal images with zero disparity
(i.e., that cast retinal images an corresponding points)
What is Panum’s fusional area?
Region in space where our brain can merge slightly different images from our left and right eyes into a single, three-dimensional image.
Name the first area in the visual pathway that contains binocular neurons.
primary visual cortex ( = striate cortex, V1 )
Name 5 pictorial depth cues
1) Texture gradient
2) Occlusion
3) Relative Height
4) Relative Size
5) Familiar size
Texture Gradient - Pictorial Cue
The size of texture elements is smaller at larger distances
Occlusion- pictorial cue
Nearer objects occlude farther objects.
Relative height - pictorial cue
More distant objects tend to be higher in the visual field.
Relative Size -pictorial cue
More distant objects tend to have smaller retinal images.
Familiar Size- pictorial cue
If we know the true size of an object, we can use the size of its retinal image to infer its distance
What is diplopia?
Double vision, such as occurs when disparities are too great to be fused
If we show this figure in a stereoscope, with the right eye viewing (a) and the left
eye viewing (b), does he inner circle appear to be in front of or behind the outer circle?
The inner circle in the figure has more disparity than the outer circle when viewed through the stereoscope, it will appear to be in front of the outer circle
