Problem 6: physical appearance and job performance Flashcards
theoretical model of how height influences carrier success
height influences social esteem and self esteem (in which social esteem also influences self esteem), social and self esteem influence both subjective and objective performance, which then influences career success
main process in influence of heigh on earnings
social esteem: how others regard you, influences how you feel, how you perform and how you are rewarded for performance
self fulfilling prophecies
-pos view: internalise that –> changes performance or appraisal
hypotheses of the model + general hypothesis
-height is positively related to leadership (career success)
-simplex (gradual) relationship between height en success: height more related to status, then performance and then success
-general hypothesis: height affects perception of performance more than actual objective performance
results from the 4 studies in the height article:
1) age + height predicted earnings
2) gender + weight negatively impacted earnings, age and height positively predicted earnings
3)height –> earnings
4) all predicted earnings
why gender differences, does height effect decline over time, and does it vary by occupation?
- is woman is tall, she can be too tall (no benefits)
- height effect does not decline over time
- height consistent with social interactions (so can vary between occupations)
don’t forget to study the model!
okay :)
3 hypotheses of the physical appearance and GMA study
1) attractiveness is positively related to core self evaluation, income and edu attainment
2) GMA is positively associated with educational attainment and income
3) GMA and core self-evaluation are positively associated
results
1) supported: attractiveness is positively associated with income, educational attainment and core self evaluation
2) supported: GMA positively influences income, educational attainment and self evaluation (stronger than appearance)
3) self-evaluation has direct and indirect effect on financial strain
limitations of the attractiveness and GMA study:
- attractiveness measured in adulthood even though they talked about it throughout the lifespan
- income was measured through self report
- could not demonstrate whether effects of attractiveness were actually because of discrimination
beauty premium article:
- hypotheses:
- method
- discrimination (physically less attractive workers are discriminated against)
- self-selection (different attractiveness levels sort themselves into different occupation categories)
- individual differences (different attractiveness levels are actually different –> influencing productivity)
- longitudinal study measuring earnings, attractiveness, occupation, health, intelligence and personality
beauty premium article:
- results
- strong support for individual differences perspective
- strong support for ugliness premium
- relations were not monotonical (one direction)
beauty premium article: limitations
- earnings measured at young age –> actual effect might have been more clear at a later age
- only looked at physical attractiveness, no other aspect
attractiveness & personnel selection article:
- evolved preferences
- mate selection: selecting highly attractive opposite sex
- intrasexual competition: women see other attractive women more as competition than men
attractiveness & personnel selection article:
- study 1
- men are more likely to hire attractive women than vice versa (mate selection)
- men are more likely to hire other attractive men than vice versa (intrasexual competition)
- method: ranking people based on attractiveness and then whether or not you would hire them
- both hypotheses were confirmed
