Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Check Ride > Private Pilot > Flashcards

Private Pilot Flashcards

1
Q

Airspeed indicator

A

Uses pitot and static ports. Measures the difference between pressure (ram air entering pitot tube) and static pressure (air that is unaffected by aircrafts flight path) Ram air enters a force on a diaphragm inside the instrument.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Altimeter

A

Measures the difference between static pressure inside the instrument case and standard pressure 29.92 inside an aneroid wafer. When the plane climbs and ambient pressure begins to decrease the wafer is able to expand because the air is sealed inside of now of higher pressure. Can be calibrated to the local barometric pressure by adjusting the kollsman window.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Ridge or trough

A

Ridge: extended area of high pressure descending air
Trough: extended area of low pressure rising air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mature stage

A

Updrafts and downdrafts occur at this point. Violent turbulence can be experienced if flight is attempted beneath a cumulus cloud because of the shear zone. Can be recognized by the beginning of rainfall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Wind shear: what is the hazard

A

Rapid change in wind direction or velocity, it can cause a dramatic change in indicated airspeed and cause sever turbulence within the zone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Cumulus Stage

A

Building stage of a thunderstorm characterized by updrafts only. All thunderstorms begin as cumulus clouds but not all cumulus clouds become thunderstorms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Minimum safe altitude (91.119)

A

One that allows for emergency landing without undue hazards to persons or property on the surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Dissipating stage

A

Cloud is only giving off downdrafts and the thunderstorm is dissipating. Large cumulonimbus clouds may have a recognizable “anvil top” that is a portion of the cloud that has been sheared off by the jet stream direction where the anvil top is facing the direction the storm is moving.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Privileges and limitations (61.113)(91.146)

A

Privileges: act as pilot in command, carry passengers, fly for nonprofits
Limitations: cannot fly for hire, must pay no less than pro rate share

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Limitations as student pilot (61.89)

A
  • no passengers
  • cannons carry for compensation or hire
  • cannot fly in furtherance of a business
  • cannot fly with a flight surface visibility of less then 3sm during the day and 5sm at night.
  • flight must be made with visual reference to the surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lung: Hypoxic Hypoxia

A

Oxygen is not available at adequate pressure for the lungs to absorb. Occurs when we climb higher in altitude and air becomes less dense.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Cause of middle ear pain in flight, how do we mitigate it?

A

Any congestion or blockage makes equalization of the tube that travels from ears to back of throat difficult.
Don’t fly with head cold or ear/sinus infection.
Swallowing, yawning, tensing throat muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

NOTAM

A

Notice to airmen: time critical info
Known in advance enough to be published on an aeronautical chart.
Ex: airshow, parachute jumps, closed runways, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fuel requirements for this flight (91.151)

A

Day VFR
Enough fuel to get to the destination
Plus 30 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Right of way rules are as applied to different categories of aircraft EBGAAR. (91.113)

A 
Emergency: aircraft in distress 
Balloon 
Glider 
Aircraft refueling
Airship
Rotorcraft or airplane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Airspace D

A

Two way radio
3mile vis
1000’above, 500’ below, 2000’ horizontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Airspace G

A

Uncontrolled
May start at surface up to 14,500’ MSL or 1200’ AGL
Below 1200’ AGL 1 mi visibility and clc during day
10,000’ below MSL: 1sm-152 during day
For both at night 3-152
Above 10,000’ 5 mi vis, 1000’ above and below and 1 mile horizontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Airspace E

A

Start at surface up to but not including 18000’
1200’ AGL- 10,000’ 3 mi vis. 1000 above, 500 below and 2000’ horizontal
Above 10,000 MSL 5mi vis. 1000’ above and below 1 mi horizontal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Airspace C

A

Tow way radio
Mode c transponder
3sm vis. 1000’ above, 500’ below, 2000’ horizontal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Class B

A

Two way radio
Mode C transponder
Clearance
3 Sm vis. Clear of clouds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Class A

A

IFR rating
Two way radio
Mode c transponder
IFR WEATHER MINS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Flight Review/Medical

61.56/61.23

A

Flight Review: every 24 calendar months, 1 hour of ground, 1 hour flight.
Under 40: medical every 60 months
Over 40: medical every 24 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Oxygen

91.211

A

12,501’ to 14,000: Crew must us O2 if at this altitude longer than 30 minutes.
14,001’+: crew must use o2 at all times
15,001+: Passengers must be provided O2 (use is not required)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q 
Additional Endorsements
(61.31)
A 
Complex Airplanes
High performance 
Pressurized
Type-specific
Tail wheel
Glider
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Angle of incident, angle of attack, and relative wind.

A

Angle of incident is angle which the wind is attached to the fuselage; angle of attack is angle between the wings chord line and relative wind.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

PARE

A

Power idle
Ailerons neutral
Rudder full opposite
Elevator pitch down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Pre-Ignition

A

Fuel/air mixture ignited before the spark plug fires.
Occurs when something other than spark plug ignites fuel/air mixture. Ex: glowing hot spot in combustion chamber.
Caused by overheating from running engine too lean.
Can melt hole through the middle of the piston, melts spark plugs.
White smoke coming from exhaust pipe.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Detonation

A

Spontaneous combustion of the end-gas (fuel/air mixture hat remains in the chamber after normal combustion originates at the spark plugs.)
Con occur when using fuel with a lower octane rating, spark timing is too advanced.
Causes overheating, broken spark plugs, ring damage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Bernoulli’s Principle

A

An increase in the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in pressure or a decrease in the fluids potential energy.
High speed air over the upper surface creates low pressure while comparatively lower air speed beneath the wing creates high pressure which produces an upwards force that contributes to total lift.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Different types of air speeds

A

IAS- indicated airspeed what’s shown
CAS- calibrated airspeed
TAS- airspeed calibrated for nonstandard temp and pressure
GS- ground speed corrected for wind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Different types of altitudes:

A

Indicated- altitude as read off the altimeter with appropriate setting
Pressure- altitude corrected from standard pressure
Density- pressure altitude corrected from nonstandard temp.
True- vertical distance above sea level (MSL)
Absolute- vertical distance above terrain (AGL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Rigidity in space

A

Attitude Indicator and Heading Indicator
While spinning a gyro will tend to stay fixed in its plane of rotation. With enough momentum they stay naturally balanced.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Precession

A

Turn Coordinator

When a force is applied to a gyro the resultant force is felt 90 degrees in the direction of the rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Spiraling slipstream

A

The propeller creates a spiral of air around the plane that eventually hits the left side of he rudder causing it to yaw left.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

P-factor

A

The descending blade has a higher angle of attack and essentially gets a larger bite out of the air then the ascending blade which causes the plane to yaw to the left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Gyroscopic Precession

A

A force applied to a gyroscope is manifested 90 degrees ahead n the direction of rotation, a force on the right side pushing the nose left.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Torque

A

As the propeller spins clockwise the plane experiences a rotating force in the opposite direction. The airplane wants to roll left. Increases with power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

ICEFLAGS: Autokinesis

A

At night, stationary lights may appear to be in motion. Pilots may lose control of aircraft trying to align it with the “moving” light.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Types of drag:

A

Parasite increases with speed, ex. Tricycle tires
Induced byproduct of lift, decrease with speed. Anytime the angle of attack is increased a portion of the wings lift vector is angled backwards creating drag.

40
Q

Type of clouds, visibility, and precipitation expected from stable air and unstable air

A

Stable air: stratiform clouds, poor visibility, smooth air, steady or continuous precipitation.

Unstable air: cumuliform clouds or with vertical development , good visibility , turbulence, and showery precipitation.

41
Q

ICEFLAGS:

Somatogravic

A

Rapid acceleration causes illusion of being nose up attitude. Rapid decelerations will have opposite affect.

42
Q

ICEFLAGS,

Inversion

A

Abrupt change in altitude creates the illusion of tumbling backwards

43
Q

Type of oil and system

A 
Aviation grade straight mineral oil
MIL-L-6082 or SAE J1966
Lubricates engines moving parts
Cools engine by reducing friction
Provides seal between piston and cylinders 
Carries away contaminant 
Wet sump: oil located in a sump
44
Q

Variation

A

Magnetic North Pole and geographic north pole are not collocated. So easterly variation is subtracted from true Heading and westerly variation is added to get our Heading.

East is least, West is best

45
Q

DECIDE

A 
Detect
Estimate
Choose
Identify
Do
Evaluate
46
Q

Dip errors

A

While flying on a north or south Heading turning errors are most pronounced. On north Heading a turn to the left the compass will initially show a turn in the opposite direction and lag behind while on a south Heading the compass will lead the turn and show that its turning at a much faster rate than what is true.

47
Q

Deviation

A

A compass needs to align with the earths magnetic fields to read accurately, any kind of other local , magnetic fields will cause deviation. Other magnetic fields are caused by electrical currents from the aircrafts avionics.

48
Q

Acceleration error

A

While on east or west Heading acceleration results in a slight turn towards the north.
Accelerate north, Decelerate south

49
Q

V-speeds

A 
Vso- stall speed flaps down:40
Vs- stall speed flaps up:48
Vr- rotating speed:55
Vg- best glide:68
Vfe- flaps extended:110-85
Va- maneuvering speed:90-104
Vno- max structural speed:129
Vne- never exceed speed:163
Vy- best rate of climb:73
Vx- bast angle of climb:65
50
Q

Convective SIGMET

A

Issued for thunderstorms, embedded
Winds greater than 50kts
Hail greater then 3/4 in.

51
Q

Blood hypemic

A

Inability of red blood cells to carry oxygen to other cells.
Carbon monoxide poisoning

52
Q

Cell histoxic

A

The cells inability to use available oxygen

Using drugs or alcohol can cause this

53
Q

ICEFLAGS:

Coriolis

A

Rapid head movement causes the illusion of accelerating or turning.

54
Q

Transport stagnant

A

Inability of oxygen to reach cells because of poor circulation
When body experiences excessive G-forces

55
Q

Body systems used to ascertain our orientation and movement in space:

Visual

A

Eyes. Light from the sun is constantly being reflected by everything on earth. Light enters the eyeball through the cornea, travels through the lens and falls on photoreceptors of the retina.
Rods used for night and peripheral vision
Cones sense color

56
Q

Body systems used to ascertain our orientation and movement in space:

Somatosensory

A

Nerves in our skins cells, “flying by the seat of your pants,” or the sensations of motion we feel in our bodies from acceleration or turning.

57
Q

Body systems used to ascertain our orientation and movement in space:

Vestibular

A

Inner ear system composed of 3 semicircular hollow but fluid filled canals arranged in he pitch, Roll, and yaw axis. The fluid inside the canals moves when The head or body moves and displaced tiny hair cells that stimulate nerve impulses. These signals are sent to the brain and interpreted as motion.

58
Q

Propeller type

A

Fixed pitch
76”
Set at climbing setting

59
Q

Induction System

A

Brings air from outside, mixes fuel and delivers the fuel-air mixture to the cylinders where combustion occurs.
Air enters the induction system through an intake port on the front of the engine cowling.
This port normally contains an air filter that inhibits the entry of dust and other foreign objects

60
Q

Two types of induction systems

A
  1. Carb systems mixes fuel/air mixture in the carburetor before it enters the intake manifold.
  2. Fuel injection system mixes the fuel air mixture immediately in cylinder
61
Q

Mixture Control

A

As altitude increases the density of air entering the carburetor decreases, while density of fuel remains the same. Creating a rich mixture which can result in engine roughness and loss of power.
Mixture decides the amount of fuel going into the fuel/air mixture.

62
Q

Engine roughness

A

Roughness is usually due to spark plugs fouling from excessive carbon build up on the plugs.
Build up occurs because rich mixture lowers the temp. Inside the cylinder, inhibiting complete combustion of fuel.

63
Q

Overly Lean Mixture

A

An overly leaned mixture causes detonation, may result in rough engine operation, overheating, and or loss of power

64
Q

Maintain proper fuel/air mixture:

A

Monitor engine temp and enriched and lean mixture as needed

65
Q

Fuel injection system

A

Engine driven fuel pump, fuel air control unit, fuel manifold (distributor), discharge nozzles, aux fuel pump, fuel flow indicator.

66
Q

Aux Fuel Pump

A

Provides fuel under pressure the the fuel-air Control unit for engine starting and/or emergency use after starting, engine-driven fuel pump provides fuel under pressure from fuel tank to fuel-air control unit.

67
Q

Ignition system

A

Made up of two magnetos, spark plugs, high tension leads, and ignition switch.

68
Q

Magenetos

A

Use magnets to generate an electrical current completely independent of aircraft’s electrical system. They generate sufficiently high voltage to jump a spark across the spark plug gap in each cylinder.
The system begins to fire when the starter is engaged and crankshaft begins to turn.
And continues as long as the crankshaft is rotating.
Two individual magnetos with separate wires and spark plugs to increase reliability of ignition system.

69
Q

Each magneto

A

Operates independently to fire one of the two spark plugs in each cylinder
This improves combustion of fuel/air mixture and results in a slightly higher output.
If one mag fails the other is unaffected
Engine will continue to operate normally with possible slight decrease in engine power. Also true if one of the spark plugs in the cylinder fails.

70
Q

Malfunctioning ignition system cause

A

Fouled plugs, broken or shorted wires between mags and plugs, or improperly timed firing of the plugs.

71
Q

Fuel System

A

Gravity fed system- transfers the fuel from tanks to engine
Fuel pump system- two fuel pumps, engine driven fuel pump with an electrically driven Aux pump to add reliability to fuel system

72
Q

Battery and alternator

A

24 volt battery, 60 amp alternator; rated at 28 volts

73
Q

Why do we use a vacuum pump for our gyros?

A

Pulls out air to keep the gyros up and creates less surface tension creating rigidity in space.

74
Q

Alternator failure

A

You’ll see low volts
Depending on where you are you’ll be able to make it make to airport flying on battery
Try turning off alternator side of master then back on
Let ATC know you have an alternator failure

75
Q

Winds ALoft

A

Issued 2 times daily, at 00/1200, valid: stated on report

76
Q

Area Forecast

A

Issued 3 times daily

77
Q

TAF

A

Issued 4 times daily at (00/06/12/1800) valid for 24 hours, within 5sm of airport

78
Q

AIRMET

A

Airmen’s meteorological info
Issued 4 times a day every 6 hours
Issued for mountain obscurations and widespread IFR conditions (Sierra)
Moderate turbulence and surface winds greater than 30kts (tango)
Moderate icing (Zulu)

79
Q

METARS

A

Routine weather report

Issued hourly valid for the hour

80
Q

Radar

A

Hourly

Valid as observed

81
Q

SIGMET

A

Significant weather info
Issued for sever turbulence not associated with thunderstorms
Widespread dust storms
Severe icing
Reported when occurs, valid for max of 4 hours

82
Q

CONVECTIVE SIGMET

A

Hourly, valid 2 hours
Issued for thunderstorms, embedded thunderstorms or tornadoes
Winds greater than 50kts
Hail greater then 3/4”

83
Q

VFR Ceiling

A

Ceiling >3000’ and visibility >5sm

84
Q

Cold Front

A

Mass of cold, stable, dense air- replaces mass of warm air

85
Q

Warm Front

A

Mass of warm air encounters and flows over mass of cold air

86
Q

Occluded Front

A

Fast moving cold front overtakes and either a slower and smaller cold fronts or warm front

87
Q

Stationary front

A

Warm and cold fronts meet but are relatively equal in strength, can last for days.

88
Q

What are some in flight weather advisories we can use

A

ATIS, HIWAS, FSS, ATC

89
Q

Radiation/Ground fog

A

Winds must be less than 5kts, warm air rises at night, heavy cold air moves in

90
Q

Valley Fog

A

Winter time, little no wind, in valleys, weak winter sun cannot burn off radiation fog

91
Q

Advection fog

A

Wind pushes warm humid air inland over cool ground surface

92
Q

Upslope Fog

A

moist unstable air is cooled as Wind blows air up hill/mountains

93
Q

Steam fog

A

Wind pushes cold air from land over warmer water

94
Q

Precipitation fog

A

Falling rain is warmer than surrounding air rain drops evaporate and condense to fog

95
Q

Coriolis Force

A

A force that as a result of earths rotation deflects moving objects to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere

96
Q

Airworthiness Directives (AD)

A

A notification to owners and operators of certified aircraft that a known safety deficiency with a particular model of aircraft, engine, avionics or other system exists and must be corrected.
One-time and recurring

Check Ride (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions