IFR Flashcards
The Leans
When in a banked attitude with an abrupt correction can set the fluid in the ear in motion and cause the pilot to think they’ve shifted into a roll.
Coriolis Illusion
The pilots been in a turn and the fluid in the ear canal is moving at the same speed as the canal . If there’s a movement of the head this could cause the fluid to move and create the illusion of turning or accelerating
Graveyard spiral
In a prolonged constant rate turn the pilot will have the illusion of not turning. During recovery to level flight the pilot will have the sensation of turning in the opposite direction and the pilot may try to return the aircraft to its original turn and the pilot will pull back on the yoke putting the plane into a spiral
Somatogravic Illusion
Rapid acceleration makes the pilot think they’re In a nose up attitude
Inversion illusion
An abrupt change from a climb to straight and level can cause a tumbling backward illusion
Elevator Illusion
Upward vertical acceleration can occur in an updraft can cause the illusion of climbing
False Horizon
Sloping cloud formation, a dark scene with ground lights and stars can cause the pilot to align the plane incorrectly with the horizon
Autokinesis
In the dark a stationary light will seem to move when stared at for too long and the pilot could lose control of the aircraft after attempting to align the o,and with the light
Haze
Can create an illusion of being at a greater distance from the runway and pilots will tend to be high on the approach
Pressure altitude
The height above the standard datum pressure and is used for standardizing altitudes for FL
Density Altitude
Pressure altitude corrected for nonstandard temperatures and is used to determine aerodynamic performance in nonstandard atmosphere
Variation
The north magnetic pole is not in the same place as the magnetic compass
Deviation
The magnets in a compass align with any magnetic field
ANDS
Acceleration causes an indication to the north, deceleration causes an indication to the south
VOR
A primary navigational aid. VOR ground station is oriented to magnetic north and transmits information to the aircraft
Distance Measuring Equipment (DME)
Allows for pilots to determine an accurate geographic position of the aircraft including the bearing and distance TO or FROM.
Area Navigation (RNAV)
Equipment includes the VOR/DME, LORAN, GPS, and INS. Computes the aircrafts position, actual ground track, ground speed. This can give the distance, cross track error, and Ike estimates, relative to the selected track or waypoint. RNAV equipment must be approved for use under IFR
Global Positioning System (GPS)
Space based positioning, velocity, and time system. Gives earth centered coordinates to be determined and provides aircraft position. There are 24 satellites
Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)
Needs a minimum of five or six satellites to detect an integrity anomaly. It needs six’s to isolate a corrupt satellite signal and remove it from the navigation solution.
Basically makes sure there is always enough satellites working
Localizer
Located at the end of the instrument runway of an airport. This radiates a field pattern that has a course down the centerline of the runway toward the middle markers and outer markers. This provides course guidance with a glide slope and horizontal guidance.
Class A: Entry Requirements Minimum Pilot Qualifications Two-way radio communications Special VFR Allowed VFR Visibility Minimum VFR Minimum Distance From Clouds VFR Aircraft Separation Traffic Advisories Airport Application
Entry Requirements: ATC Clearance Minimum Pilot Qualifications: Instrument Rating Two-way radio communications: Yes Special VFR Allowed: No VFR Visibility Minimum: N/a VFR Minimum Distance From Clouds: N/a VFR Aircraft Separation: N/a Traffic Advisories: Yes Airport Application: N/a
Class B: Entry Requirements Minimum Pilot Qualifications Two-way radio communications Special VFR Allowed VFR Visibility Minimum VFR Minimum Distance From Clouds VFR Aircraft Separation Traffic Advisories Airport Application
Entry Requirements: ATC Clearance
Minimum Pilot Qualifications: private or student certification
Two-way radio communications: yes
Special VFR Allowed: yes
VFR Visibility Minimum: 3 Sm
VFR Minimum Distance From Clouds: clear of clouds
VFR Aircraft Separation: all
Traffic Advisories: Yes
Airport Application: radar, instrument approaches, weather, control tower, high density
Class C: Entry Requirements Minimum Pilot Qualifications Two-way radio communications Special VFR Allowed VFR Visibility Minimum VFR Minimum Distance From Clouds VFR Aircraft Separation Traffic Advisories Airport Application
Entry Requirements: prior two way communications
Minimum Pilot Qualifications: student cert.
Two-way radio communications: yes
Special VFR Allowed: yes
VFR Visibility Minimum:3 Sm
VFR Minimum Distance From Clouds: 500’ below, 1000’ above, 2000’ horizontal
VFR Aircraft Separation: IFR aircraft
Traffic Advisories: yes
Airport Application: radar, instrument approaches, weather, control tower
Class D: Entry Requirements Minimum Pilot Qualifications Two-way radio communications Special VFR Allowed VFR Visibility Minimum VFR Minimum Distance From Clouds VFR Aircraft Separation Traffic Advisories Airport Application
Entry Requirements: two way communications
Minimum Pilot Qualifications: student certs.
Two-way radio communications: yes
Special VFR Allowed: yes
VFR Visibility Minimum:3 sm
VFR Minimum Distance From Clouds: 500’ below, 1000’ above, 2000’ horizontal
VFR Aircraft Separation: runway operations
Airport Application: instrument approaches, weather, control tower
Rime Ice
The droplets are small and freeze immediately when contacting the aircraft surface.
Clear Ice
Larger water droplets or freezing rain that can spread over a surface. This is the most dangerous type of ice cause it’s clear, hard to see, and can Shane the shape of the airfoil
