Prisons Flashcards
Who was Robert Peel influenced by?
Howard and Fry
Who was the Gaol Act passed by?
Sir Robert Peel
When was the Gaol Act passed?
1823
What were the points for the Gaol act?
- prisons to be secure and health
- gaolers to be paid
- prisoners divided into categories
- women prisons to have women wardens
- JPs regularly visit and report the the Quarter sessions and the govt
- attempt to reform through religion education and work
- paid surgeons, governors and chaplains visit regularly
When was hard labour on crank abolished?
1902
When were there better diets and heated cells introduced?
1921
When were teachers employed in prisons?
1922
When were open prisons intoduced?
1936
When could people pay fines rather than go to prison?
1914
When were suspended sentences introduced?
1967 (could stay out of prison if they re offended)
When was community service introduced?
1972
What system was more expensive?
Sesperate system
What was the Silent system a basis of?
1865 Prisons Act under Sir Edmund du Cane
What did they do in the silent system?
- Solitary confinement for 9 months
- No communications with other prisoners
- “Hard labour, hard fare and a hard board”
What happened if a prisoner broke the law in the silent system?
Put on a bread and water diet, chained and whipped
What were the 4 main types of work in the silent system?
- Treadmill
- Oakum picking
- The crank
- Shot drill
What was food like in the silent system?
Boring as possible based on gruel for breakfast and supper with limited meat for dinner
What were beds like in the silent system?
Hammocks were replaced by hard boards and no mattresses
When was the seperate and silent system introduced?
1860s from America
What was the seperate system based on the belief of?
The human personality was shaped by circumstances and surroundings
What was the separate system based on ?
Almost total solitary confinement
What were uniforms in the separate system like?
Included a cape and mask with low peak so inmates would not communicate
What was in the chapel in the separate system?
There were seperate stalls so they could only see chaplain
What happened during exercise in the separate system?
They were kept 4.5 metres by a long rope with knots
