Printing Flashcards
process for reproducing text and images using a master form or template.
Printing
The earliest non-paper products involving printing include cylinder seals and objects such as:
the Cyrus Cylinder and the Cylinders of Nabonidus
The earliest known form of printing as
applied to paper was __ which appeared in China before 220 AD
woodblock printing
printing press invented by
Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century.
Printing Methods
- Offset Lithography
- Flexography
- Digital Printing
- Large Format
- Screen Printing
- LED UV
- 3D Printing
Later developments in printing technology include the movable type invented by
Bi Sheng around
1040 AD
- Often used for packaging and labels, anything with continuous patterns e.g.
wallpaper and gift wrap. - is the modern version of letterpress printing and is commonly used for printing on uneven surfaces.
Flexography
- Often used for posters and signage, labels, newsletters, menus and letters.
- is a modern method that covers a variety of different techniques including
inkjet printing and laser.
Digital Printing
Often used for rough-surfaced media e.g. wood, canvas and cloth. It
is also a versatile method so it can also be used for books, paper, stationery and more.
Offset Lithography
Often used for large signage e.g. billboards, posters, vinyl banners,
wallpaper and murals, floor graphics, laminating.
Large Format
- Often used for printing logos and graphics onto clothes, fabric banners,
posters. - is a printing technique where fine material or mesh is used to
transfer an image onto another material.
Screen Printing
__ or additive manufacturing is a
process of making three dimensional solid objects from a digital file
3D Printing
- Often used for newsletters, posters and leaflets, magazines, catalogues,
brochures and prospectuses, stationery - is a method that’s becoming
increasingly popular among businesses due to its extremely high-quality prints and quick turnaround times
LED UV
has allowed us to print three-dimensional objects, which can be
a great way to make an impact on your life
3D Printing
The worldwide _____ is expected to grow from $3.07B in revenue in 2013 to $12.8B by 2018 and exceed $21B in worldwide revenue by 2020. As it evolves, 3D printing technology is destined to transform almost every major industry and change the way we live,
work, and play in the future
3D Printing Industry
are often made to suit the functions of the user’s industry. This has resulted in the rise of software suited to specific niches. As a result, there are software applications on the market that cater to aerospace or transportation, furniture design or fabrics
and fashion among many others.
3D Modeling Software
3D Printing Applications
- Education -
- Rapid Prototyping
- Rapid Manufacturing : Automotive
- Aviation
- Aerospace
- Construction : Architecture
- Consumer Products :Medical
Manufacturers have long used 3D printers in their design process to
create prototypes.
Rapid Prototyping
Educators and students have long been using 3D printers in the classroom. 3D
printing enables students to materialize their ideas in a fast and affordable way.
Education
Car manufacturers, restorers and repairers have been utilizing 3D printing for a long time.
Rapid Manufacturing : Automotive
currently uses 3D printing in many different forms.
Boeing have been exploring the potential of printed parts and airplanes for a long time.
Back in 2015 it was estimated that Boeing had more than 20,000 3D printed parts
implemented in their airplanes.
Aviation
From materials to concept printers they are doing some of the most
interesting, cutting edge research in the entire field, all for the purpose of making
interstellar exploration more habitable.
Aerospace
were one of the early adopters of 3D printing technology. When ____ need to present their work as a physical scale model, 3D printing will always be a quick and efficient way to do it. 3D printers help cut down manpower and time when it comes to visualizing designs for clients
Construction : Architecture
is the three-dimensional
printing of biological tissue and organs through
the layering of living cells.
Bioprinting
The outlook for medical use of 3D printing is evolving at
an extremely rapid pace as specialists are beginning to utilize 3D printing in more advanced
ways. Patients around the world are experiencing improved quality of care through 3D
printed implants and prosthetics never before seen.
Consumer Products :Medical
Bioprinting Stages
Pre-bioprinting
Bioprinting
Post-bioprinting
involves creating the digital model that the printer will produce. The
technologies used are computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) scans.
Pre-bioprinting
is the actual printing process, where bio-ink is placed in a printer cartridge and
deposition takes place based on the digital model.
. Bioprinting
is the mechanical and chemical stimulation of printed parts so as to create
stable structures for the biological material.
Post-bioprinting
is defined in Taxonomies for the Development and Verification
of Digital Systems as: “an integration oriented design approach emphasizing systematic reuse,
for developing complex products based upon platforms and compatible hardware and software
virtual component, intended to reduce development risks, costs and time to market”.
Platform Design
is the use
of computers (or workstations) to aid in the
creation, modification, analysis, or optimization
of a design.
Computer-aided design (CAD)
Difference between CAD and CADD
CAD becomes known as the software that helps to perform different drawing and
modeling actions to do a thorough study of the objects that exist in the industry. Meanwhile, CADD is known as the software that has additional features along with the regular computer
aided design.
is a system that uses computer software
and tools to create, alter, analyze and optimize a design. The programs used in these systems
have greatly improved the quality of the renderings while at the same time allowed computer
aided drafters to become more productive.
Computer aided design and drafting or CADD
CAD Software Examples
- AutoCAD
- SketchUp
- TurboCAD
- IRONCAD
- MEDUSA
- REMO3D
- LibreCAD
- FreeCAD
is an interdisciplinary
field involving the properties of matter and its applications to various areas of science and engineering. It includes elements of applied physics and chemistry, as well as chemical, mechanical, civil and electrical engineering. It is the design and discovery of new materials, particularly solids.
Materials science
materials science began to be more widely recognized as a specific and distinct field of
science and engineering, and major technical universities around the world created dedicated
schools of the study, within either the Science or Engineering schools, hence the naming.
1940s
Fundamentals of Material Science
Structure
Crystallography
Bonding
Properties
Processing and Synthesis
Thermodynamics
Kinetics
is one of the most important
components of the field of materials science.
Materials science examines the structure of materials
from the atomic scale, all the way up to the macro
scale.
Structure
is the science that examines the arrangement of atoms in
crystalline solids. Most materials have a crystalline structure, but some important materials do
not exhibit regular crystal structure.
Crystallography
To obtain a full understanding of the material structure and how it relates to its
properties, the materials scientist must study how the different atoms, ions and molecules are
arranged and bonded to each other.
Bonding
The properties of a material determine its usability and hence its engineering
application.
Properties
Different materials require different ______
methods. For example, the processing of metals has historically been very important and is
studied under the branch of materials science named physical metallurgy. Also, chemical and
physical methods are also used to synthesize other materials such as polymers, ceramics, thin
films, etc.
Processing and Synthesis
is concerned with heat and temperature and their
relation to energy and work. It states that the behavior of those variables is subject to general
constraints, that are common to all materials, not the peculiar properties of particular
materials.
Thermodynamics
is the study of the rates at which systems that are out of
equilibrium change under the influence of various forces.
Kinetics
is generally the detailed organization and
implementation of a complex operation. In a general
business sense, logistics is the management of the
flow of things between the point of origin and the
point of consumption in order to meet requirements
of customers or corporations.
Logistics
Logistics Activities and Fields
Inbound logistics
Outbound logistics
Advance logistics
Asset Control logistics
Construction logistics
Digital logistics
is one of the primary processes of logistics concentrating on
purchasing and arranging the inbound movement of materials, parts, or unfinished inventory
from suppliers to manufacturing or assembly plants, warehouses, or retail stores.
Inbound logistics
is the process related to the storage and movement of the final
product and the related information flows from the end of the production line to the end user.
Outbound logistics
consists of the activities required to set up or establish a plan for
logistics activities to occur.
Advance logistics
are companies in the retail channels, both organized retailers and
suppliers, often deploy assets required for the display, preservation, promotion of their
products. Some examples are refrigerators, stands, display monitors, seasonal equipment,
poster stands & frames.
Asset Control logistics
is known to mankind since ancient times. As the various human
civilizations tried to build the best possible works of construction for living and protection.
Construction logistics
is driven by a new generation of web-based, enterprise logistics
applications that enable collaboration and optimization, leveraging a central logistics
information backbone that provides visibility across the enterprise and extended supply chain.
Digital logistics
