print and culture Flashcards
how were books printed in china after AD 594
they were created by rubbing paper against the inked surface of the woodblock
why were accordian books formed
because the paper was thin and porous , the text could not be printed on both sides
why was china the major producer of prints for a long time ? and why did the volume of print increased in the 16th century
the imperial state of china possessed a huge bureaucratic system which recruited its personnel through examinations . in the 16th century number of examination candidTES WENT UP.
when and why was the uses of print diversified ?
in 17th century, as urban culture bloomed in China, printing was not limited to scholar official but it was used in people’s daily lives
what was the hub of new printing culture in china ?
Shanghai
how and when was the technology of hand printing introduced in Japan ?
it was introduced in 768-770 AD when buddhist missionaries brought the technology from china to Japan
what was the oldest Japanese book and when was it printed?
*the oldest Japanese book was printed in AD 868 which is the diamond sutra containing six sheets of text and woodcut illustrations
what is edo in the present time and what is it known for ?
tokyo
in the 18th century the illustrated collections of paintings depicted an elegent urban culture ( artists , courtesans , tea gatherngs etc.
who was widely known for his contibutions in the art form called ukiyo?
kitagawa utamaro born in edo in 1753
how and when was chinese paper introduced in europe?
in the 11th century, chinese paper reached europe via the silk route
how did the technology of woodblock printing brought in italy?
in 1295 , marco polo returned to italy after exploring china and brought the technology back with him .
where was the luxury editions handwritten on?and what did the aristocratic circles think of the printed books?
they were handwritten on vellum aristocrats scoffed at printed books as cheap vulgarities.
how many scribes often worked for one bookseller
50
why was the production of handwritten manuscripts could not satisfy the increasing demand of books?( drawbacks)
because copying was expensive, laborious and time consuming business. manuscripts were fragile, awkward to handle and could not be carried or read easily.
when , who and where developed the first known printing press?
strasbourg germany, Johann gutenburg in 1430s
what provided the model for printing press?
olive press
when was the printing press perfected?what was the first book?
in 1448.
bible
what led to the print revolution?
when the book production boomed, when the printing presses were set up in most Europe, from 20 million in 15h century to 200 million in 16th century
to whom the knowledge was transferred orally before the print revolution?
common people.
what was the drawback of books and how did the publisher solve it during the print revolution.
books could be only read by the literate . literacy rates were lessen Europe. publishers decided to publish ballads an folk tales illustrated with pictures which were sung at gatherings.
how people could persuade people to think differently through the printed message?
wide circulation of ideas
what was feared by the printed books?
that it may spread irreligious or rebellious thoughts to people.
when and what did Martin Luther print ?
in 1517 he printer the 95 theses against the rituals of church
what led to the beginning of protestant reformation?
because of the Martin Luther’s writings whittled to a division within the church
why did the roman church began to maintain the index of prohibited books from 1558
because of menocchio who reinterpreted the message of god and creation that enraged the church an d started printing about it
when were the literacy rates went up in Europe
17th and 18th centuries
what was the literacy rates in Europe in 18th century ?
60 to 80%
in England , who sold penny chapbooks?
petty pedlars known as chapmen sold the penny chapbooks which were sold for a penny.
what were the biliotheque bleue in France
low priced small books printed on low quality paper with cheap blue colours
what popular literature was printed for common or poor people
almanacs
penny chapbooks
billiotheque bleue
romances
why did mercier proclaim “ tremble therefore tyrants of the world! tremble before the virtual writer”
because everyone believed that print would kick away despotism
how was French revolution effected by the printing ?(3 points)
1.the writings of Voltaire and Rousseau were popular and read and people saw the world through new of of criticising , questioning , critical and rational
2. it created a new of culture if debate and discussions
3.by the 1780’s literature mocked the royalty criticised their morality , growth of hostile sentiments aginst the monarchy
when was children press set up?
1857
what did Grimm brothers do?
compiled traditional folk tales to be printed for children which was edited first before published in 1812
why were penny magazines meant for women ?
they were manual teaching proper behaviour and housekeeping
name some of the best women known novelists?
Jane Austen , the Bronte sisters , George Elliot
how were lending libraries crucial in the 19th centuries
lending libraries became instruments to educate white collar workers , artisans and lower middle class people.
when and who perfected the power driven cylindrical press/ how many sheets it could print per hour?
mid 19th century
Richard m. hoe of New York
8000
when and why was offset press developed?
in late 19th century
it could print 6 colours at a time
when did electrically operated presses came into work?
20th century
what was the shilling series ?
in the 1920s in England popular work was sold in cheap series to increase their sales
how many people became literate without reading any texts
in village primary school , teachers would dictate texts from memory and students would write it down ( pre colonial Bengal )
how did print came to India ?
it first came to Goa by PORTUGUESE missionaries in 16th century
when were 50 books published in Konkani and kanara language in India.
1674
when and by whom was the first Tamil and Malayalam book published?
catholic priests printed first Tamil book in 1579 and first Malayalam book in 1713
what was the first English print in India?
bengal gazzette , a weekly magazine, in 1780 by James Augustus hickey
why did warren Hastings persecuted hivkey?
hickey published a lot of gossip about the EIC’s senior officials which enraged warren Hastings
which was the first Indian newspaper
bengal gazette by Gangadhar Bhattacharya
what and when did Rammohan roy published to spread the ideas to abolish sati?
samba kaumudi in 1821
what did hindu orthodoxy do to oppose rammomhan roy and samba kaunudi
formed a newspaper samachar Chandrika
what were the 2 Persia newspapers published in 1822
jam I jahan nama
shamsul Akbar
what was the name of Gujrati newspaper in 1822
bombay samachar
what were ulamas fearing about in colonial rule?
that colonel rulers would encourage conversion
what did ulamas do to prevent conversion?
founded the deoband seminar in 1867
published thousand of fatwas
when where and in which language was ramcharitramanas by Tulsidasji was published
it ws a 16th century text but came out in
1810
calcutta
Awadhi
