Europe Flashcards
Who and when prepared a series of prints visualising a dreamof ‘democratic and social republic ‘
Frédéric sorrieu , 1848
What is the statue of liberty holding in her hand ?
Torch of enlightenment and charter of the rights of the man
Which places were already nation state by 1848?
United States and Switzerlanf
What changes in the 19th century resulted in formation of nation state?
In 19th century, nationalism emerged as a force which brought sweeping changes in political and mental world of Europe
What is the difference between a nation state and a modern state ?
In modern state , a centralised power exercised sovereign control over a pre defined territory
A nation state is one in which the majority of its citizens came to develop a sense of commonness
When was the first expression of nationalism came ?
French revolution, 1789
What were the steps taken to create a sense of collectiveness amongst french people?
- ideas of la patrie and la citoyen
- A new french flag
- the estates general was renamed national assembly
- hymns composed
- oaths taken
- martyrs commemorated
- uniform laws
- custom duties and dues were abolished
- uniform system of weight and measures
- regional dialects were discouraged
What did students and educated middle class began setting up after the French revolution?
Jacobins club
What was the Napoleonic code or civil code of 1804?
- all the privileges of birth were abolished
- equality before law
- secured right to property
- abolished the feudal system
- freed preasents from serfdom and mamorial dues
- guild restrictions were removed
- ## transport and communication systems were improved
In places of Europe , french armies were first welcomed as harbingers of liberty. What changed their mind ?
That the new administrative arrangements did not go hand in hand with political freedom
What was the only tie between the people of Europe?
The allegiance to the same emperor
What was the common way of life of the aristocracy ?
Owned estates in the country side and townhouses
Spoke french for diplomacy
Connected with tues of marriage
What wa liberalism for the middle class?
Freedom of individual
Equality for all
What was liberalism on political basis ?
Govt by consent
End of autocracy
A constitution
Presentativd govt throught parliament
What was liberalism economically ?
Freedom of markets
Abolition of state imposed restriction on good movements
What was zollverein?
A custom union of 1834
Abolished tariff barrier
Reduced currency from 30 to 2
Creation of railways
What did the conservatives think ?
Changes brought by the nepolean could make state power effective and strong
What is the treaty of Vienna ?
Settlement of Europe in 1815
To undo most of the changes by nepolean
Restore the monarchies overthrown by nepolean
Who was Giuseppe mazzini ?
Italian revolutionary
Born in Genoa in 1807
Sent into exile in 1831 for attempting revolution in Liguria
Which two underground societies were found by Giuseppe mazzini?
Young italy in Marseilles
Young europe in Berne
When and where and by whom the first upheaval took place after 1815
France, July 1830
Bourbon kings were overthrown by liberal revolutionaries, who installed constitutional monarchy with Louis Philippe as its head
Who said ‘ when France sneezes, rest of the europe catches cold’
Duke metternich
What led to Belgium breaking away from the United Kingdom of Netherlands
The July revolution of 1830
Explain the Greek war of independence?
Ikyk
What was romanticism and what did romantic artists prefer ?
Romanticism was a cultural movement and criticised the glorification of science and reason and focused on emotions, institutions and mystical feelings
Who was Johann Gottfried herder
He was a romantic, German philosopher who claimed that true German culture was to be discovered among the common people
Who was Karol kurpinski ?
He celebrated the national struggle of Poland through his operas and music , turning folk dances into nationalist symbols
When was louis Philippe forced to flee
In 1848 where there were food and employment shortages
Barivades were erected
What happened when louis Philippe flee ?
National assembly proclaimed a republic
Granted voting rights to males above 21
Guaranteed right to work
Workshops for employment
Who and when described the events of weavers in Silesia
Wilhelm wolff in 1845
Desctived the misery of weavers
4 June , 2 pm revolt
11 weavers shot.
