Principles-research Flashcards
A written report on details of a series of related cases
Case series
A written report on the details of a single case
Case study
Research that addresses issues directly related to patient care
Clinical research
A prospective longitudinal experiment designed to assess the comparative efficacy or effectiveness of a treatment, often labeled a randomized clinical trial(gold standard)if random assignment of subjects is made to each of the comparison treatment groups
Clinical trial
I defined group of people observed over a period of time
Cohort
A comparison group assignment in a clinical trial that receives no treatment a placebo treatment or an alternate treatment
Control group
Measurements taken at one moment in time
Cross-sectional studies
An experiment in which patients in other doctors or outcome assessors are blinded
Double-blind study
A general or statistical expression of how Often a condition or disease occurs
Frequency
A measure of agreed-upon accuracy and validity
Gold standard
The proportion of a clearly defined group initially free of a condition that develops it over a period of time
Incidence
The consistency of a measure of the resort between different practitioners evaluating the same thing
Interobserver reliability
The consistency in which one practitioner can consistently arrive at the same result
Intraobserver reliability
A study in which the researcher observes events as they occur naturally or in the course of a normal practice without attempting to influence them
Observational study
The proportion of the population of having a particular condition or outcome at a given moment
Prevalence
Study that follows overtime a group of similar individuals (cohorts) who would differ with respect to certain factors under study to determine how these factors affect rates of a certain outcome
Prospective study
Prospective of longitudinal study in which patients are divided into two or more groups of a randomized basis
Randomize control
Consistency of a measurement when repeated (reproducibility)
Reliability
Also called his stork whole heart study generally means to take a look back at events that have already taken place example medical records
Retrospective study
Proportion of times a diagnostic study is correct in patients without a specific diagnosis
Sensitivity
Study in which the patients are blinded as to whether they are in the experimental group or the comparison group
Single-blind study
The proportion of times a diagnostic procedure is positive in a patient with a specific diagnosis
Specificity
Degree to which in the observation or measurement provides an indication of a true state of the phenomena been measured
Validity
