Practices-PH-Epidemiology of infectious diseases Flashcards
Number of newly diagnosed cases of a disease within a specific population during a specific time.
Incidence
A measure of the burden of a health condition in a population it is the number of persons in a population who have a given disease or attribute a particular point in time over a specific time or specific period of time over a lifetime (total number of cases new and old)
Prevalence
Consistently transmitted disease within a population (malaria in Africa)
Endemic
When only a few scattered cases occurred (ie. bubonic plague, Yosemite fleas)
Sporadic
Outbreak of a disease in a population that gives rise to a higher than expected number of cases (ie. Ebola in Africa)
Epidemic
An epidemic occurring on more than one continent (1918 flu /swine flu)
Pandemic
The first case of a disease in a given area or Population
Index case
A disease condition or state sickness the incidence of a disease within a population
Morbidity
Death; cessation of life
Mortality
Measure of infectivity; the proportion of those exposed that develop infection (ie. Noto virus on a cruise ship; # of sick / total # of passengers on board)
Attack rate
Rapid emergence of a disease in the specific population or geographical area
Outbreak
Acquired by patients or staff in a healthcare facility (healthcare acquired infection)
Nosocomial infections
Acquired from the healthcare environment such as air conditioners or bedrails
Exogenous
Derived from normal microiota that becomes opportunistic while the patient is in the healthcare setting (internal cause of origin)
Endogenous
A healthcare induced injury disease or condition (caused by the healthcare setting)
Iatrogenic
