Principles of Vaccination part 1

Question 1

How do we treat a newborn of a Hep B+ mother?

Answer 1

The baby gets HBIG within 12 hours of birth.

Question 2

What is Palivizumab/Synagis?

Answer 2

This is a hyper immune globulin therapy for RSV given to babies at risk for getting RSV, particularly preemies.

Question 3

Can a vaccine be an immunization?

Answer 3

yes

Question 4

What must an attenuated vaccine do in order to work?

Answer 4

Must replicate in host. This is why it is inappropriate for an immunocompromised patient. Attenuated =weakened. These are some of the most efficacious vaccines.

Question 5

Which vaccines are live attenuated?

Answer 5

VIRAL:
MMR, Varicella/Zoster, Rotovirus, intranasal influenza, oral polio (not US), Yellow fever (not US)
Bacterial:
BCG (tuberculosis), typhoid (not in US)

Question 6

What are two subcategories of inactivated vaccine?

Answer 6

Whole or fractional

Question 7

What are some inactivated whole vaccines?

Answer 7

viral:
polio, Hep A, rabies, influenza (not US)

Bacterial: (NOT IN US)
pertussis, typhoid, cholera, plague

Question 8

What are some inactivated fractional vaccines?

Answer 8

SUBUNIT:
Hep. B, influenza, acellular pertussis, HPV, anthrax

TOXOID:
tetanus, TDAP (diptheria)

Question 9

What are two subcategories of an inactivated fractional vaccine?

Answer 9

protein based (sub unit or toxoid) or
polysaccharide based (from bacterial cell wall). 
The polysaccharide based ones may need a conjugate ( a protein attached to the polysaccharide to increase its efficacy as an antigen)

Question 10

Which vaccines must be avoided by those allergic (anaphylaxis) to eggs? (4)

Answer 10

1. Measles
2. Mumps
3. influenza
4. yellow fever

Question 11

Which vaccines must be avoided by those allergic to neomycin or streptomycin?

Answer 11

MMR

Question 12

Which vaccines should adults who are immunocompromised avoid?

Answer 12

Avoid live virus vaccines

Question 13

Which vaccines should pregnant women avoid?

Answer 13

live virus vaccines