Principles of radiation protection Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four main aspects of radiaton safety?

A
  1. Patients shouldnt be subjected to unessesary radiographic procedures
  2. The patient must be protected from excessive raidation during exam
  3. Personnel within favility must be protected from expessive exposure during work
  4. Personnel and general public in vaccinity of such facilities require adequate protection
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2
Q

What are the 3 cardinal principles of radiation protection?

A
  1. Time
  2. Distance
  3. Shielding
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3
Q

How can we reduce the radiation time for patients in fluoroscopy?

A

By reducing the amount of x-ray exposure with floroscopy
(reciprocity does not apply)

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4
Q

How do we reduce the distance for technologists

A

Standing as far away at a 90 degree angle to the source

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5
Q

Who does dose limits apply to?

A

The amount of radiation exposure that the general public or operator could recieve as a result of an exposure

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6
Q

What is the basis of the effective dose limiting system?

A

Malignancy

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7
Q

What are DL advisory groups?

A

They formulate risk estimates of somatic and genetic effects of irradiation

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8
Q

What group is the umbrella agency for world radiation protection?

A

International commission on radiological protection

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9
Q

What safety code do we have to follow in Canada?

A

Safety code 35 (from health canada)

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10
Q

What two agenices in Ontario are involved in radiologic protection/safety?

A
  1. Ministriy of health-HARP (healing arts radiation protection commision)
  2. Ministry of labour-occupational health and safety act
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11
Q

What is the unit of measurement for exposure?

A

Coulomb per kg (C/kg) or mR

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12
Q

Define exposure:

A

The number of ionizations in air

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13
Q

What is the unit for absorbed dose?

A

mGy

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14
Q

What is the unit for effective dose?

A

mSv

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15
Q

What is the annual dose limit for the memebers of the public?

(mSv)

A

1 mSv

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16
Q

What is the annual dose limit for radiation workers?

17
Q

Who requires a personnel dosimeter (TDL,OSL)

A

Occupationally exposed personnel-anyone who is at risk of exceeeding public DL of 1 mSv

18
Q

What does TLD stand for?

A

Thermoluminescent dosimeter

19
Q

What does OSL stand for?

A

Optically stimualted lumenescence

20
Q

If you are wearing a lead apron, where does the TLD go?

A

Under the lead apron, and additional TLD’s can be worn over the apron

21
Q

Does the DL differ from men to women?

A

No, unless the woman is pregnant

22
Q

What is the effective dose limit once pregnancy has been announced?

For a worker

A

4mSv for the remainder of the pregnancy

23
Q

What is the recommended dose limit for technologists-in training and students?

A

1 mSv

yeah sure….

24
Q

Is there a varience in DL for individual organs?

A

No, except for the lens of the eye, which it recommends a limit of 150 mSv

25
Q

If an individual’s extremities will be exposed to a large amount of radiation, should they have addiational dosimeters?

A

Yes, they should be worn at the those locations on the body

26
Q

How long do dosimetery recorders need to be kept?

A

For the lifetime of the facility

27
Q

If a person who is in need of support during an exam requires being held or supported, can the x ray tech provide this service?

A

No, you can get RTs, nurses, porters, ect.

28
Q

What is the minimum distance that a tech needs to be away from the x ray tube

(Unless wearing shielding or standing behind sheilding)

29
Q

Can radiographic cassettes be held hand by hand during an irradiation?

30
Q

What defines unessesary radiation?

A
  1. Any radiation exposure that does not benefit a person in terms of diagnostic information obtained for the clinical managment of medical needs
  2. Any radiation exposure that dose not enhance the quality of the study
31
Q

Who is ultimately responsible for radiation safety of of the facility?

A

The owner the facility

32
Q

Who does the owner of the hospital delegate responsibilites to?

A

Technolgical manager who should be a radiation safety officer

33
Q

Who can be a radiation safety officer?

A
  1. Doctors
  2. Physicists
34
Q

Who dos the technological manager delegate responsibilites to?

A

The x-ray equipment operator

(must be a member of CMRITO and CAMRT registered)

35
Q

Who does the x -ray equipment operator delegate thier responsibilites to?

A

-Operators in training

Just say students…we aren’t really operators, were so much more than that lol

36
Q

Can students have indirect supervision during training?

A

Yes, can be direct or indirect