Principles of Psychology

Question 1

In the UK, what % of women have negative thoughts about their appearance every week?

Answer 1

93%
1 in 3 have these thoughts several times a day

Question 2

Do males or females have higher rates of body dissatisfaction?

Answer 2

It is the same but they manifest in different ways

Question 3

What sociocultural factors can influence an individuals attitude towards cosmetic surgery?

Answer 3

1. Internalisation (degree to which sociocultural messages are internalised)
2. Objectification of images of both women & men
3. Appearance comparisons

Question 4

What psychological factors can be drivers for treatment?

Answer 4

1. Level of satisfaction a person has with their family/friends
2. Self-esteem/self-worth thoughts
3. Recurring negative thoughts, worry & anxiety

Question 5

The survery by BAPRAS found how many people claimed marketing and advertising made them consider a cosmetic procedure?

Answer 5

50%

Question 6

What did the keogh review highlight?

Answer 6

Importance of people who are considering cosmetic interventions having access to clear, independent + avidence-based information to help inform their decisions

Question 7

Who are the at risk groups in aesthetics?

Answer 7

1. People who lack capacity
2. Young people under 18
3. People under pressure from others to alter appearance
4. Unrealistic treatment expectations
5. Recent experience of life events e.g. bereavement, redundancy, financial problems
6. People with current or past mental health issues

Question 8

What % of (i) boys (ii) girls aged 10-15 are unhappy with their appearance?

Answer 8

(i) 20% boys
(ii) 34% girls

Question 9

How many people attending cosmetic clinics have social anxiety/depression?

Answer 9

20%

Question 10

What are the defining characteristics of BDD?

Answer 10

1. Preoccupation & rumination about appearance
2. Repetitive behaviours (mirror checking)
3. Preoccupation that significantly interferes with social functioning
4. Can be associated with other MH disorders e.g. anorexia

Question 11

What is the significant fact between BDD and suicide?

Answer 11

Those with BDD have higher suicide completion rates as it often goes undiagnosed

Question 12

What are some screening questions you can use for suspected BDD?

Answer 12

Do you worry about your appearance?
Do you wish you could worry less?
How much time do you spend worrying about it?
Do you avoid social interactions?

Question 13

What should you do if you suspect a patient has BDD?

Answer 13

Further appt for assessment (if skilled)
Short screening tool
NICE guidelines
Offer relevant information and support
Suggest talking to GP
Consider referral to psychological services

Question 14

What are some screening tools you can use for BDD? (HINT theres 3)

Answer 14

1. Cosmetic procedure screening questionnaire (COPS)
2. Body dysmorphic disorder examination self-report (BDDE-SR)
3. Body dysmorphic questionnaire - dermatology version (BDDQ-DV)

Question 15

What should you do to minimise chance of patients having unfufilled expectations/decisional regret?

Answer 15

1. You carry out consultation with aesthetic and psychological goals clearly defined
2. Patient is not in vulnerable group
3. Treatment expectations are realistic
4. Good documentation + record keeping including GP liaison (in notes if needed)
5. Onward referral to specialist services if offered