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Plant Health > Principles of Plant Pathology > Flashcards

Principles of Plant Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is Plant Pathology?

A

The science concerned with Plant Disease

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2
Q

What is Plant Disease?

A

Any deviations from the normal growth of fruit

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3
Q

What does Plant Pathology study?

A
  1. Microorganisms and environmental factors that cause disease
  2. Mechanisms by which these factors induce disease
  3. Methods of disease control
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4
Q

What was Plant Pathology associated with since the beginning of agriculture?

A

Crop failures and famines

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5
Q

What are the four types of impacts Plant Diseases have?

A
  1. Famine
  2. Economic
  3. Agricultural
  4. Ecological
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6
Q

What was Coffee replaced with because of Coffee Rust?

A

Tea

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7
Q

Is a disease usually one pathogen?

A

No. Often an interaction of multiple pathogens

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8
Q

What causes Potato Early Decline (PED) Syndrome?

A

Interaction between Verticillium wont and nematodes

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9
Q

What are the three factors of Non-Infectious or Abiotic diseases?

A
  1. Physical Factors
  2. Pollutants
  3. Chemical Factors
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10
Q

What are the five Physical Factors of Non-Infectious or Abiotic diseases?

A
  1. Extremes of temperatures (hot or cold)
  2. Excess or lack of soil moistures
  3. Hail Damage
  4. Lightening Damage
  5. Implement Damage
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11
Q

What are the two types of pollutants associated with Non-Infectious or Abiotic diseases?

A
  1. Air-borne

2. Water-borne

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12
Q

What are the three Chemical Factors associated with Non-Infectious or Abiotic diseases?

A
  1. Toxicity of fungicides, insecticides or herbicides
  2. Mineral toxicities or deficiencies
  3. pH extremes
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13
Q

What are the effects of extreme weather conditions?

A
  1. High Temperature causes heat stress on plants or sunburn damage of fruit
  2. Frost dampte to vegetables or crops
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14
Q

What can cause Iron deficiencies in plants?

A

High pH soils

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15
Q

What happens to nutrient deficient plants? In this case Iron.

A
  • Leaves cannot access enough Iron to make chlorophyll

- Increase in pH locks up the Iron

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16
Q

What effects do Nutrient toxicities cause?

A
  • Necrotic lesions
  • Cuffing or cupping of leaves
  • Chlorosis
17
Q

Is a Non-Infectious or Abiotic disease transmissible or non-transmissible?

A

Non-Transmissible

18
Q

Is an Infectious or Biotic disease transmissible or non-transmissible?

A

Transmissable

19
Q

What are the four factors of Infectious or Biotic diseases?

A
  1. Microbial Pathogens
  2. Plants
  3. Insects, Mites, Nematodes
  4. Birds, Mammals
20
Q

What are the Infectious or Biotic Microbial Pathogens?

A
  1. Fingi
  2. Bacteria and Mollicutes
  3. Viruses and Viroids
21
Q

What are the Infectious or Biotic Plants?

A
  1. Parasitic Higher plants

2. Competitors (Weeds)

22
Q

Where can the symptoms of plant diseases be found?

A
  • Roots
  • Leaves
  • Seeds
  • Flowers
23
Q

What are the four main symptoms of plant disease?

A
  1. Necrosis
  2. Wilting
  3. Abnormal growth and differentiation
  4. Fruit and Foliage Discolouration
24
Q

What is Soft Rot Necrosis?

A

The tissue rapidly becomes watery and loses coherence

25
Q

What is Dry Rot Necrosis?

A

Less rapid than a soft rot

26
Q

Are lesions localised or progressive?

A

Both. Can be localised (leaf spots) or progressive (gradually spreading)

27
Q

How do diseases cause a permanent water deficit in plants?

A
  • Interference with water and nutrient absorption by roots
  • Interference with water conduction within the plant
  • Loss of control of transpiration
  • Infection of roots
  • Pathogens can get in Xylem Vessels and produce toxins
28
Q

What is associated with the wilting die-back and damping-off of plants?

A

Diseases that cause a permanent water deficit

29
Q

What does abnormal growth and differentiation cause or affect?

A
  • Affects hormonal balance

- Creates Galls, Nodules, Callus tissue

30
Q

What are the effects of Fruit and Foliage Discolouration?

A
  • Chlorosis

- Anthocyanin

31
Q

What is Chlorosis?

A

Yellowing due to lack of Chlorophyll

32
Q

What is Anthocyanins?

A

Red and Purple pigmentation

Plant Health (8 decks)

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