Principles of Pharmacotherapy

Question 1

PCPP: Patient-Centered Care Process

Answer 1

A patient-centered care process that respects the patient’s values, preferences, and needs in coordination, information, communication, education, physical comfort, and emotional support.

Question 2

Principles of Pharmacotherapy

Answer 2

Guiding principles for the judicious use of medications in the treatment of diseases, ensuring safe, appropriate, and economical use of medications.

Question 3

Guiding Principles of Pharmacotherapy

Answer 3

Justifiable and documented indication for every medication, lowest effective dosage and duration, preference for monotherapy when possible, evidence-based medication selection, and consideration of timing of drug administration.

Question 4

Possible Reasons for Medication Regimen Failure

Answer 4

Factors that may lead to the failure of medication regimens, including inappropriate drug selection, poor adherence, incorrect dosing, misdiagnosis, interactions with food and drugs, environmental and genetic factors.

Question 5

Drug Therapy Problems

Answer 5

Undesirable events involving drug therapy that interfere with achieving therapy goals, requiring professional judgment to resolve.

Question 6

Significance of Drug-Related Morbidity and Mortality

Answer 6

Fact: Estimated annual cost of drug-related morbidity and mortality due to non-optimized medication therapy is $528.4 billion.

Question 7

Common Drug-Related Problems in Older Adults

Answer 7

Drug effectiveness, adverse drug events, over/underdose, drug interactions.

Question 8

Guiding Principles of Pharmacotherapy

Answer 8

Justifiable and documented indication for every medication, lowest effective dosage and duration, preference for monotherapy, evidence-based medication selection, consideration of timing, patient’s perception, and careful observation.

Question 9

.

Answer 9

.

Question 10

Categories of Drug Therapy Problems: Effectiveness

Answer 10

Ineffective drug, dosage too low.

Question 11

Categories of Drug Therapy Problems: Safety

Answer 11

Adverse drug reaction, dosage too high.

Question 12

Drug Therapy Problems: Adherence

Answer 12

Non-adherence, noncompliance, unnecessary drug therapy.

Question 13

Documenting Drug Therapy Problems

Answer 13

The process of stating, describing, and specifying the drug therapy problem and its association with the patient’s condition.

Question 14

Unnecessary Drug Therapy

Answer 14

Medications without a justifiable and documented indication.

Question 15

Duplicate Therapy

Answer 15

Patient is receiving the same medication from multiple providers without medical necessity.

Question 16

Nondrug Therapy More Appropriate

Answer 16

Non-pharmacological interventions are more suitable to address the patient’s condition.

Question 17

Recreational Drug Use

Answer 17

Patient is using recreational drugs that may interfere with prescribed medications.

Question 18

Treating Avoidable Adverse Reaction

Answer 18

Prescribing a medication to treat side effects caused by another medication instead of addressing the original problem.

Question 19

“Prescribing Cascade”

Answer 19

Treating side effects of a medication as a new disease, leading to additional medications.

Question 20

Need for Additional Therapy

Answer 20

Patient requires additional medications to address their health condition effectively.

Question 21

Synergistic Therapy

Answer 21

Using two medications together when they work better in combination.

Question 22

: Condition Is Refractory

Answer 22

The patient’s condition does not respond to the prescribed medication.

Question 23

Dosage Form Is Inappropriate

Answer 23

Prescribing a dosage form that is not suitable for the patient (e.g., prescribing a liquid for a patient who cannot swallow pills).

Question 24

Adherence Issues

Answer 24

Patient does not understand directions, cannot afford medication, prefers not to take it, forgets doses, medication not available, difficulty swallowing or administering the drug, fear of adverse events, or previous medication-related experiences.

Question 25

Documenting Drug Therapy

Answer 25

—- section—–

Question 26

Stating the Drug Therapy Problem

Answer 26

Clearly articulating the specific drug therapy problem encountered in the patient’s treatment.

Question 27

Description of Patient’s Medical Condition or Clinical State

Answer 27

Providing a detailed description of the patient’s medical condition or clinical state that necessitates drug therapy.

Question 28

The Drug Therapy Involved

Answer 28

Identifying the specific medications or drug therapies that are associated with the identified problem.

Question 29

The Specific Association Between the Drug Therapy and the Patient’s Condition

Answer 29

Explaining the cause-and-effect relationship between the drug therapy and the patient’s medical condition.

Question 30

DIP (Drug-Induced Problem) Using Consistent Language

Answer 30

Using standardized and consistent language to describe the drug-induced problem, ensuring clear communication.

Question 31

Prioritizing Drug Therapy Problems

Answer 31

The process of ranking drug therapy problems based on their severity and urgency for resolution.