Principles of Pharmacotherapy Flashcards
PCPP: Patient-Centered Care Process
A patient-centered care process that respects the patient’s values, preferences, and needs in coordination, information, communication, education, physical comfort, and emotional support.
Principles of Pharmacotherapy
Guiding principles for the judicious use of medications in the treatment of diseases, ensuring safe, appropriate, and economical use of medications.
Guiding Principles of Pharmacotherapy
Justifiable and documented indication for every medication, lowest effective dosage and duration, preference for monotherapy when possible, evidence-based medication selection, and consideration of timing of drug administration.
Possible Reasons for Medication Regimen Failure
Factors that may lead to the failure of medication regimens, including inappropriate drug selection, poor adherence, incorrect dosing, misdiagnosis, interactions with food and drugs, environmental and genetic factors.
Drug Therapy Problems
Undesirable events involving drug therapy that interfere with achieving therapy goals, requiring professional judgment to resolve.
Significance of Drug-Related Morbidity and Mortality
Fact: Estimated annual cost of drug-related morbidity and mortality due to non-optimized medication therapy is $528.4 billion.
Common Drug-Related Problems in Older Adults
Drug effectiveness, adverse drug events, over/underdose, drug interactions.
Guiding Principles of Pharmacotherapy
Justifiable and documented indication for every medication, lowest effective dosage and duration, preference for monotherapy, evidence-based medication selection, consideration of timing, patient’s perception, and careful observation.
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Categories of Drug Therapy Problems: Effectiveness
Ineffective drug, dosage too low.
Categories of Drug Therapy Problems: Safety
Adverse drug reaction, dosage too high.
Drug Therapy Problems: Adherence
Non-adherence, noncompliance, unnecessary drug therapy.
Documenting Drug Therapy Problems
The process of stating, describing, and specifying the drug therapy problem and its association with the patient’s condition.
Unnecessary Drug Therapy
Medications without a justifiable and documented indication.
Duplicate Therapy
Patient is receiving the same medication from multiple providers without medical necessity.
Nondrug Therapy More Appropriate
Non-pharmacological interventions are more suitable to address the patient’s condition.
Recreational Drug Use
Patient is using recreational drugs that may interfere with prescribed medications.
Treating Avoidable Adverse Reaction
Prescribing a medication to treat side effects caused by another medication instead of addressing the original problem.
“Prescribing Cascade”
Treating side effects of a medication as a new disease, leading to additional medications.
Need for Additional Therapy
Patient requires additional medications to address their health condition effectively.
Synergistic Therapy
Using two medications together when they work better in combination.
: Condition Is Refractory
The patient’s condition does not respond to the prescribed medication.
Dosage Form Is Inappropriate
Prescribing a dosage form that is not suitable for the patient (e.g., prescribing a liquid for a patient who cannot swallow pills).
Adherence Issues
Patient does not understand directions, cannot afford medication, prefers not to take it, forgets doses, medication not available, difficulty swallowing or administering the drug, fear of adverse events, or previous medication-related experiences.
Documenting Drug Therapy
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Stating the Drug Therapy Problem
Clearly articulating the specific drug therapy problem encountered in the patient’s treatment.
Description of Patient’s Medical Condition or Clinical State
Providing a detailed description of the patient’s medical condition or clinical state that necessitates drug therapy.
The Drug Therapy Involved
Identifying the specific medications or drug therapies that are associated with the identified problem.
The Specific Association Between the Drug Therapy and the Patient’s Condition
Explaining the cause-and-effect relationship between the drug therapy and the patient’s medical condition.
DIP (Drug-Induced Problem) Using Consistent Language
Using standardized and consistent language to describe the drug-induced problem, ensuring clear communication.
Prioritizing Drug Therapy Problems
The process of ranking drug therapy problems based on their severity and urgency for resolution.
