principles of pharmacology Flashcards
what is pharmacology
study of how drugs take action in the body
what are drugs
ligands
what are ligands
ligands are substances that can bind to a target and induce a biological response
what are exogenous ligands
pharmaceticals
what are endogenous ligands
hormones and neurotransmitters
what are the targets
receptors
what are the two states in which receptors exsist
R and R*
what do agonists do
they mimic the action of endogenous ligands
what do antagonists do
they bind to and stabalise R but they do not induce a response
what is affinity
affinity is needed for a ligand to bind to the receptor
higher affinity equilibrium favours R
lower affinity equilibrium favours R*
what is intrinsic efficacy
to elicit a biological response after binding to a receptor a drug must have intrinsic efficacy
efficacy defines the size of the biological response that can be initiated when a drug binds to to a receptor
what is potency
measurement of how much of a drug it takes to ellicit a biological response, producy of affinity and efficacy plus a downstream signalling cascade
where are beta- adrenoreceptors located
on the cell surface of cells in the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node and non pacemaker cells in the heart
what is sotalol hydrochloride
non-selective beta adrenoreceptor antagonist selective potassium channel blocker
in pharmakokinetics what is ADME
absorption
distribution
metabolism
elimination
