Principles Of Operative Technique

Question 1

What is the difference between a number 3 and a number 4 handle?

Answer 1

Size of the blade that will fit on it (3 smaller)

Question 2

what is a number 10 blade used for?

Answer 2

Cutting skin

Dogs

Common - curved edge

Question 3

What is a number 11 blade used for?

Answer 3

STAB INCISIONS - exit wound for drains

Sharp triangle shape

Question 4

What is a number 15 blade used for?

Answer 4

Fine tissues and thin skin

-mice, rats, cats

Small number 10

Question 5

What blades will go on a number 3 handle?

Answer 5

10,
11,
15

Question 6

What is a number 20 blade used for?

What handle?

Answer 6

Thick skin/ large animals

Number 4

Question 7

What should you use a scalpel to cut?

Answer 7

Tough tissue

Tissues under tension

Question 8

What should you use tissue scissors for?

Answer 8

Cutting tissue below skin
Blunt dissection
Undermining tissue

Question 9

What are the advantages associated with using tissue scissors?

Answer 9

Controlled cutting

Good for flaccid tissues

Question 10

What is the disadvantage of using tissue scissors?

Answer 10

Shearing tissue trauma

Question 11

What is the difference between the appearance of metzenbaum and mayo scissors?

Answer 11

Mets - blade 1/4 length of instrument

Mayo - blade 1/3 length of instrument

Question 12

When would you use metzenbaum scissors?

Answer 12

Incision or sharp and blunt dissection of finer tissue

Question 13

When would you use mayo scissors?

Answer 13

Incision of dense, heavy tissue e.g. fascia or linea alba

Question 14

What shape of scissor is better for cutting through dense tissue?

Answer 14

Straight

Question 15

Why might you use curved scissors?

Answer 15

Greater mobility and visibility

Question 16

What are utility scissors?

What are they used for?

Answer 16

Straight blades with blunt-sharp tips

Inanimate objects - drapes, suture material

Question 17

What are ligature scissors?

What do they look like?

Answer 17

For cutting suture only - fine and precise

Look like mets - long arms
One blade SERRATED
Finger rings don’t meet when blades are together

Question 18

What is the difference between adson and adson browns?

Answer 18

Adsons are rat tooth’s

Adson browns have multiple fine intermeshing teeth

Question 19

Describe dressing forceps

Answer 19

No teeth at end

Question 20

Describe DeBakey forceps

Answer 20

Long rows of fine teeth

Question 21

What are DeBakey forceps for?

Answer 21

Picking up fine tissue and viscera

Question 22

What are adsons used for?

Answer 22

Picking up fascia or skin

Question 23

What are the broad categories of forceps?

Answer 23

Thumb forceps
Tissue forceps
Haemostatic forceps

Question 24

Give examples of tissue forceps?

Answer 24

Allis
Babcock
Doyen/Bowel

Question 25

Which tissue forceps are traumatic? Why? What tissues ?

Answer 25

Allis Have teeth on end Ones that will be REMOVED in sx e.g. soft tissue mass etc.

Question 26

What tissue forceps can be used to hold tissues atraumatically?

Answer 26

Babcock | Doyenne

Question 27

What are Babcock forceps used for?

Answer 27

Holding tissues (e.g. stomach, intestines) atraumatically

Question 28

What are Doyen forceps used for?

Answer 28

To clamp intestines and prevent leak

Question 29

What are the types of haemstatic forceps?

Answer 29

Mosquito Kelley Rochester carmalt

Question 30

Describe mosquitos What are they for?

Answer 30

Fine and small Serrated all the way along Holding individual fine BVs

Question 31

Describe Kellys What are they for?

Answer 31

Bigger Serrated half way Holding large bvs

Question 32

Describe Rochester carmalts What are they for?

Answer 32

Big Longitudinal serration Holding tissues and bvs e.g. uterus during spay Passing drains + feeding tubes through skin exit holes

Question 33

What are the most common needle holders?

Answer 33

Mayos Olsen-Hegars

Question 34

What’s the difference between mayo and Olsen Hagar needle holders?

Answer 34

Olsen Hager’s have cutting blade for suture

Question 35

What are the common hand held retractors?

Answer 35

Seen Army and Navy Langenbeck

Question 36

Describe Senn retractors

Answer 36

Hand held One blunt end, one end with three prongs

Question 37

What is the benefit of using self retaining retractors?

Answer 37

Don’t need an assistant

Question 38

What are the common small self retaining retractors?

Answer 38

Gelpi and baby gelpi

Question 39

What are the large abdominal self retaining retractors?

Answer 39

Balfour has ‘lip’ | Gossett

Question 40

What are the thoracic self retaining retractors?

Answer 40

Finochietto

Question 41

What is the difference between thoracic and abdominal retractors

Answer 41

Abdominals kept open by ‘push’ of abdominal wall Thoracic kept open by ratchet

Question 42

What are the most common type of towel clips?

Answer 42

Backhaus

Question 43

What suture material is good for lighting blood vessels?

Answer 43

Vicryl

Question 44

When can cautery be used?

Answer 44

Vessels up to 2mm

Question 45

Which method of diathermy is most effective in a pool of blood?

Answer 45

Bipolar

Question 46

What method of diathermy is best for neurosurgery?

Answer 46

Bipolar

Question 47

Which method of diathermy is least traumatic?

Answer 47

Bipolar

Question 48

What are haemostatic agents? When won’t they work?

Answer 48

Cellulose/collagen scaffold for haemostasis Don’t compensate for a coagulopathy

Question 49

When might you use a vessel sealing device?

Answer 49

Lap spays | Endoscopic sx

Question 50

What are Poole tips?

Answer 50

Suction tips with holes in to suck up blood

Question 51

What are the indications for surgical drains?

Answer 51

Contaminated or infected wound Dead space

Question 52

Give an example of a passive drain How does fluid drain?

Answer 52

Penrose Due to gravity and capillary action

Question 53

Give an example of an active drain

Answer 53

Jackson Pratt Can remove fluid against gravity

Question 54

When are passive drains indicated?

Answer 54

Contaminated wounds Wounds which cannot be completely sealed

Question 55

When can active drains fail?

Answer 55

Premature loss of vacuum | Obstruction of drain tubing

Question 56

When are active drains indicated?

Answer 56

Clean wounds | Wounds that can be completely sealed

Question 57

When do you remove a drain?

Answer 57

Fluid drainage at constant low level Bacteria no longer present Inflammation reduced USUALLY 1-3 days

Question 58

How long would you leave a drain in for large dead spaces?

Answer 58

3-5 days