Principles of operative surgery

Question 1

otomy?

Answer 1

cutting open

Question 2

pexy?

Answer 2

relocation?

Question 3

oscopy?

Answer 3

examination of a hollow viscus

Question 4

orraphy?

Answer 4

repair of tissues

Question 5

ostomy?

Answer 5

communication between artificial hollow viscus and the skin

Question 6

types of anaesthesia?

Answer 6

Local anaesthesia
• Regional anaesthesia
• Epidural and spinal anaesthesia
• Intravenous sedation
• General anaethesia

Question 7

why is the safety checklist important

Answer 7

before anaesthesia
before skin excision
before patient leaves operating room

Question 8

what are the multimodal steps in ERAS protocol:

Answer 8

pre-operative: optimised nutrition and hydration

reduced starvation

Question 9

surgical access: measures to be aware of ?

Answer 9

only shave if necessary makes infection more prone
use aqueous solutions for antibacterial action- Skin prep 0.5% chlorhexidine, or 10%
povidone iodine in 70% alcohol or sterile
water
– Disposable fabrics allow less penetration

Question 10

name two types of incision?

Answer 10

sharp and blunt incision

Question 11

principles of haemastasis (stopping blood flow)

Answer 11

clipping, ligation, under running
• diathermy
• tourniquet (cuff to stop blood flow) and exangination
• pressure
• hypotensive anaesthesia

Question 12

define and explain diathermy?

Answer 12

producing heat in body from external source- electricity
so that circulation, unhealthy tissue or bleeding vessels can clot
monopolar: current passed from one end to the other/ large area of skin/charge flows through body
bipolar

Question 13

types of suture?

Answer 13

absorbable vs non absorbable

braided vs non braided

Question 14

types of absorbable suture?

Answer 14

Absorbable
Dexon - polygycolic acid
Vicryl - polyglactin
slowly absorbed
PDS - Polydioxanone

Vicryl Rapide – 2 weeks
Undyed Monocryl – 3 weeks
Dyed Monocryl – 4 weeks
Coated Vicryl – 4 ½ weeks
PDS – 9 week

Question 15

non braided sutures?

Answer 15

less reactivity in the body- lack grooves and rough surfaces for things to adhere
higher tendency to loosen due to lack of grip

Question 16

what is an example of braided absorbable suture?

Answer 16

vicryl suture

Question 17

types of suture techniques?

Answer 17

mattress

inverted

Question 18

risk of bad suturing?

Answer 18

could rupture

Question 19

post op wound management

Answer 19

To maintain the wound in a warm moist
state
• To absorb or contain any superficial
bleeding or inflamatory exudate
• To protect delicate healing tissue
• To apply pressure to prevent
haematoma
• To conceal wounds from view

Question 20

what type of flap is important in dentistry?

Answer 20

random pattern flap:

make sure base is wide enough to allow adequate clean closure.