Principles of Nutrition

Question 1

what is a macronutrient?

Answer 1

carbs, proteins, fats. needed in large amounts. measured in grams.

Question 2

what is a micronutrient?

Answer 2

vitamins, minerals, trace elements. needed in small amounts. measured in milligrams or micrograms

Question 3

what are carbs needed for?

Answer 3

energy

Question 4

what are proteins needed for?

Answer 4

growth, repair, maintainence

Question 5

what is fat needed for?

Answer 5

energy, warmth, protection of organs, source of fat soluble vitamins

Question 6

what is vitamin a needed for? where is it found?

Answer 6

healthy immune system, helps to see in dim light. dairy, eggs, oily fish, leafy veg, mango, apricot

Question 7

what is vitamin c needed for? where is it found?

Answer 7

fights infection, heals wounds. kiwi, oranges, brussel sprouts, blackcurrants

Question 8

what is vitamin d needed for? where is it found?

Answer 8

healthy teeth and bones. oily fishh, eggs, fortified margarines

Question 9

what is vitamin e needed for? where is it found?

Answer 9

healthy skin and eyes, strong immune system. plant oils, nuts, seeds, wheat germ

Question 10

what is vitamin k needed for? where is it found?

Answer 10

wound healing, blood clotting. broccoli, spinach, veg oils, cereal grains

Question 11

what is calcium needed for? where is it found?

Answer 11

bone formation, heart function, healthy red blood cells. dairy, soya beans, nuts, fish bones, bread

Question 12

what is iron needed for? where is it found?

Answer 12

healthy red blood cells. red meat, benas, nuts, soybean flour, green leafy veg, apricots

Question 13

what is potassium needed for? where is it found?

Answer 13

controlling body fluids, heart function. bananas, broccoli, parsnips, fish, meat

Question 14

what is phosphorus needed for? where is it found?

Answer 14

bone formation, energy release. red meat, fish, dairy, brown rice, oats

Question 15

what is magnesium needed for? where is it found?

Answer 15

bone health, energy release. green leafy veg, nuts, brown rice, fish, meat and dairy

Question 16

what is sodium needed for? where is it found?

Answer 16

balancing body fluids. salt, cured meats, savoury snacks, processed foods

Question 17

what is intrinsic sugar?

Answer 17

found naturally in foods. glucose, fructose, lactose, sucrose

Question 18

what is extrinsic sugar?

Answer 18

added to foods. sucrose.

Question 19

what do amino acids make up?

Answer 19

proteins. arounds 20 of them combine to make millions of proteins- each containing 50-10,000 amino acids

Question 20

what are essential amino acids?

Answer 20

they must be supplied through diet

Question 21

what are non-essential amino acids?

Answer 21

they are made by the body

Question 22

what is a HBV protein?

Answer 22

a protein food which contains all of the essential amino acids

Question 23

what is an LBV protein?

Answer 23

a protein food which is missing one or more essential amino acids

Question 24

what can be caused by protein deficiency?

Answer 24

slow growth, anaemia, oedema, wasting & shrinking of muscle tissue

Question 25

what are complementary proteins?

Answer 25

combining 2 or more LBV proteins makes a complementary protein

Question 26

what can a diet with too much fat in it lead to?

Answer 26

obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease

Question 27

what are saturated fats?

Answer 27

often animal sources. least healthy fats, increased risk of CHD, raised cholesterol

Question 28

what are trans-fats?

Answer 28

veg oils. clog arteries. increase shelf life, improve flavour, processed to be hard

Question 29

what are unsaturated fats?

Answer 29

healthier fat, often liquid at room temperature, healthier cholesterol

Question 30

what is cholesterol?

Answer 30

a waxy substance, circulates in the blood,

Question 31

what are LDL’s and HDL’s?

Answer 31

LDL- low density lipoprotein–bad
HDL- high density lipoprotein–good
cholesterol