Principles of Neuroanatomy Flashcards
What is the brain contain within
cranium
What is the spinal cord contained within
vertebral column
What are spinal nerves serving the upper limbs called
brachial plexus
What are spinal nerves serving the lower limbs called
lumbar plexus
What is the somatic nervous system
detects changes in the external environment or with the control of movement
What is the autonomic nervous system
detect changes in and control of activity of the viscera (internal organs)
What two parts in the autonomic system split into
sympathetic and parasympathetic
What are afferent neurones
carry information from peripheral system to CNS
What are efferent neurones
carry impulses away from the CNS
What are interneurones
neurones located entirely within CNS
What is grey matter
regions that are enriched in nerve cell codies
What is white matter
regions containing mostly nerve porcesses (e.g axons) often myelinated
What is a nuclei
a collection of neve cell vodies with similar anatomical connections and functions
What is the cerebral cortex
highly convoluted outer mantle of grey matter
How are the two cerebral hemispheres separated
the great longitudinal fissure
What is the fissure occupied by
the falx and in its depths the corpus callosum (contains fibres that run between regions of brain)
What is the hindbrain subdivided into
medulla oblongata, pons and cerebellum
What is the brainstem made up of
medulla, pons and midbrain
What does the forebain consist of
thalamus and hypothalamus (diencephalon) and cerebral hemisphere
What are the folds on the surface of the brain called
gyri and sulci
What lies beneath the surface of the brain
dense fibre masses of the corona radiate and internal capsule
What are the 5 main lobes of the brain and their functions
Frontal - primary motor cortex Parietal - primary somatosensory cortex Temporal - primary auditory complex Occipital - primary visual cortex Limbic - contains regions for memory and emotional behaviour
What does the spinal cord divide to form
dorsal roots (carry afferent fibres) and ventral roots (carry efferent fibres)
How do spinal nerves leave the vertebral canal
through small apertures called intervertebral foramina
What is the dorsal horn the site of
termination of numerous afferent neurones and the origin of ascending pathways carrying sensory impulses to the brain
What is the ventral horn the site of
contains motor neurones that innervate skeletal muscle
What is the lateral horn the site of
contains perganglionic neurons belonging to the sympathetic nervous syste,
What do the ascending tracts do
carry information from the trunk and limbs to the brain
What do the descending tracts do
the means by which the brain controls activities of the neurones in the spinal cord
What are the 3 types of ascending tracks
dorsal columns (carry fine touch and proprioception) spinothalamic tracts (carry pain, temperature, coarse touch and pressure) and the spinocerebellar trans (carry information from lucre and joint receptors)
What is the lateral corticospinal tract
part of the descending tract that controls skilled voluntary movements
what are the meninges
Three layers of membranes that cover the CNS
What is the outermost layer of the meninges
dura mater a tough fibrous coat
What are the three layers of the meninges
dura mater, arachnoid mater and pia mater
