Principles of MSK Flashcards
what tissue could be injured if pt reports paresthesias
spinal nerve
what tissue could be injured if pt reports numbness
peripheral nerve
what tissue could be injured if pt reports deep ache
joint
what tissue could be injured if pt reports sharp pain
inflammation
t/f
high sensitivity dx are better at ruling conditions in
false
high sensitivity dx are better at ruling conditions out (SNOUT)
t/f
low specificity dx are better at ruling conditions in
true
high sensitivity dx are better at ruling conditions in (SPIN)
what population commonly has a rigid body type? meaning, flatter spine, tighter hips, and genu/calcaneal varus
runners or propulsive athletes
what population commonly has a flexible body shape? meaning, excessive spinal curves with hypermobile hips, genu/calcaneal valgus
gymnasts with more absorbing body shapes
if pt reports that symptoms increase with exertion, what systems are indicated
cardiovascular and respiratory symptoms
improved pain/function with AROM can indicate what tissue injury/inhibition
inhibited muscle
regional interdependence
disc injury
worse pain/function with AROM can indicate what tissue injury
acute injury/irritation
what tissue is indicated if pain occurs in AROM and PROM
noncontractile tissue
PROM similarly restricted as AROM in the same direction indicates what tissues
joint hypomobility/protective guarding
PROM significantly greater than AROM in the same direction indicates what tissue injury
joint hypermobility/instability
WB: limited
NWB: limited
likely cause/general Rx?
fused, fixated, hypomobile joint
improve joint mobility
WB motion: limited
NWB motion: WNL
likely cause/general Rx?
joint hypermobility with impaired neuromuscular control
improve neuromuscular control
RST
strong and painful indicates
less severe injury
grade 1 strain
typically only painful in lengthened position
RST
weak and painful indicates
acute
moderate-severe injury
grade 2-3 strain/fx
RST
weak and painless indicates
neuro damage
chronic contractile rupture
RST
pain upon release indicates what tissue
non contractile tissue
glide is released when muscle relaxes
RST
multiple joints of weakness indicates what tissues
CNS/UMN innjury
entire UE
RST
multiple planes of weakness indicates
acute/severe injury
fracture
RST
weakness throughout a range and not just mid range indicates what kind of injury
possible pathology
RST
improved pain and/or function indicates
inhibited muscle
regional interdependence
disc injuries
RST
decreased force indicates
nerve palsy
RST
consistent weak force indicates
deconditioned/torn muscle
RST
worse pain/function indicates
acute condition
ST
pain increases with distx indicates
capsule, ligament, annulus
ST
pain decreases with distx indicates
bone, cartilage, nucleus pulposus
ST
pain increases with compression indicates
bone, cartilage, nucleus pulposus, spinal nerve
describe LMN common findings
muscle tone: decreased/flaccid
bowel/bladder: incontinence/leakage
dermatomes/paresthesias: single segment diminished
DTRs: hypoactive
myotomes with potential sexual dysfunction: single segment of fatiguing weakness
describe UMN common findings
muscle tone: increased/spastic, UE flx causes LE flx, co-contractions
bowel and bladder: spastic/retentive
dermatomes/paresthesias: multi-segments diminished
DTR: hyperactive
myotomes with potential sexual dysfunction: multi-segment weakness, incoordination, paralysis
why would you perform accessory motion testing
if limited ROM and/or consistent block during combined motions
if accessory motion is limited and ROM is limited, where is the restriction most commonly located
articular
related to joint restriction
ex) capsular shortening or cartilage restriction
if accessory motion is WNL and ROM is limited, where is the restriction most commonly located
extraarticular
ex) muscular shortening, guarding, joint hypermobility
what is the purpose of a special test
identify tissues by the reproduction of symptoms during test
what is the purpose of stability tests
when do you perform stability tests
assess integrity of non-contractile tissues
perform if excessive ROM and/or consistent block noted with combined motions
