Principles of Management Flashcards
Principles(Meaning)
While achieving the goals of an individual or organisation,it is important to use different systems and techniques.Some of these techniques are universally accepted and hence are known as “Principles”
Principles(functions)
Principles provides the guidelines to the manager conduct organisational activities on a specific bases,It helps the manager to take effective decisions and to achieve the goals of the organisation.
Definition of Principles
Principles is defined as the fundamental truth or proposition that serves as the foundation for a system of beliefs or behaviour or the chain of reasoning.
The nature of management principles
Universal application
The principles of management are universal in nature .That is it can be used in all the types of organisation irrespective of their sizes and nature.Their results may vary and their application may be modified but these are suitable for all the types of organisation.These are applicable to all the levels of management
The nature of management principles
Behavioral in nature
Management is a group activity.It’s main aim is to achieve the goals of the organisation through a group of people.It is designed to influence a group of human beings.It controls a group of people and direct them to achieve their goals.
The nature of Principles of Management
Cause and effect relationship
The principles of management are the base of taking decisions.It determines the cause and reasons for a particular effects.For example:Paying a good wages or incentives will increase the output of the workers and a good advertisements will increase the sales of the goods.
The nature of Principles of Managements
Principles are formed by practice and experiments
All the Principles are formed gradually by thorough research work.Systematic research and experiments are conducted before developing them.The results of these research are developed as the principles of management
Nature of Management Principles
All the principles are of equal importance
All the Principles are of equal importance.They are to be practiced simultaneously for achieving best results in the form of achievement.If any one of the principle is followed with more focus and other principles are not followed by same focus,then it will affect the working of the organisation.The management principles are the principles of the social science.They are not absolute like pure sciences i.e.Physics,Mathematics,Chemistry.
Nature of Management Principles
General Guidelines
Management Principles provides general guidelines in tackling the organisational situations and solving the problems wisely .They are not rigid.Which management principles is to be applied depends upon the size,situation and the nature of the organisation.
Nature of Management Principles
Flexibility
Management Principles are flexible in nature.It means they can be changed or modified as per their needs.Managers should be flexible while implementing to suit the requirements.The business situations keeps on changing.Management principles should be adjusted or modified and they can be used in the organisation according to their needs.
Management thinkers
Henri Fayol,Fredrick Winston Taylor and Elton Mayo
Henry Fayol
Henry Fayol was a French mining Engineer who turned into a leading industrialist and Successful manager.
He proposed 14 principles of Management which are mentioned in his book”General and Industrial Administrator”.
He is also known as Father of Modern Management.
Principles of Management
Principle of Division Of Work
According to this Principle,The work is divided into different parts like, financial,managerial,security operations,banking,accounting,technical etc.These works are alloted to the employees as per their qualities and capabilities.It helps to improve efficiency and expertise of the employee resulting to the expected productivity level.
Principles of management
Principle of Authority and Resposibility
Authority is the right to take decisions.It is necessary to get the things from the subordinates.Authority always comes with responsibility.If a manager is given a work to do for a given time,then he is responsible if he fails to do that work.Manager should take proper managerial decisions on his own with respect to the goals
Principles of management
Principle of Discipline
Discipline is the most essential thing of the organisation.Employees must obey and respect the rules that govern the organisation.Good discipline is the result of effective leadership.There must be mutual understanding between the management and the employees regarding the organisation rules..
Principles of Management
Principle of Unity of Command
Each employee should receive orders from one superior only.This principle helps to prevent the conflicts and disputes among the people in the organisation.If an employee receives orders from more than one person then he will get confused and will not be able to follow the order.All the employees should have one superior only.
Principles of Management
Principle of Unity of Demand
This principles states that “There should be one head and one plan.”Each group of the organisation should have one objective and there should be one manager to direct using a single plan.
Principle of management
Principle of Subordination of Individual Interest to Organisation Interest:
According to this principle,the interest of the individual should be subordinated to the organisational interest.The manager should consider the interest of the whole organisation rather than focusing on the interest of one employee.Similarly the employees should protect the interest of the organisation and personal interest should be subordinated.
Principle of Management
Principle of centralization
Centralization refers to the concentration of power and authority. In a small organization, this power is vested in one hand or a few. This usually occurs in a small organizations.If the size of the organization is huge then there is decentralization. This principle states that there should be a proper balance between centralization and decentralization
Principle of Management
Principle of Remuneration
Appropriate remuneration paid to the workers and employees is the principle to keep them satisfied financially and to retain them for the longer span of time in the organisation.Increase in wages will increase the productivity and efficiency of the employees.Wages should be fixed by taking into consideration skills,abilities,knowledge,tenure,cost of living,market trends etc.
Principles of Management
Principle of Scalar Chain
Scalar Chains refers to hierarchy of the authority from top level to bottom level for the purpose of communication.This ensures orderly flow of information and communication.Traditionally,organisations used to frame long chains which are time consuming.For avoiding longer chains and to take speedy decisions,cross communication or direct communications are prefered.For Direct communications,proper permission is required from the authority.
